Systems and methods for contextual intelligence using networked devices

ABSTRACT

Multipurpose systems can include networked devices configured to include microphones, motion sensors, video cameras, touchscreens, optical sensors, speakers, or other suitable devices. The networked devices can include networking capabilities that enable the networked device to communicate with target devices and other networked devices. A system of networked devices can identify a target location or a target device by analyzing audio signals received at microphones of the networked devices. For example, a plurality of networked devices can identify a particular networked device that is in closest proximity to a user by analyzing an audio intensity of an audio signal received at the plurality of networked devices. The identified networked device can serve as a master device that can control a state of target devices.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/147,431, filed on Jan. 12, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 16/525,063, filed on Jul. 29, 2019 (now U.S. Pat.No. 10,912,179), which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. applicationSer. No. 16/418,695, filed on May 21, 2019 (now U.S. Pat. No.10,455,670), which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser.No. 14/878,698, filed Oct. 8, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,306,125), whichclaims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.62/061,871, filed Oct. 9, 2014. U.S. application Ser. No. 16/418,695 isa continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/223,654, filed onDec. 18, 2018 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,694,611), which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/852,958, filed on Dec. 22, 2017 (nowU.S. Pat. No. 10,194,512), which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/411,537, filed on Jan. 20, 2017 (now U.S.Pat. No. 9,892,630). U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/852,958 is alsoa continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,525(now U.S. Pat. No. 10,028,359) and U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/019,538 (now U.S. both filed on Feb. 9, 2016, and both continuationsof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/750,786, filed on Jun. 25, 2015(now U.S. Pat. No. 9,713,231). U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/750,786, filed on Jun. 25, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,713,231), claimsthe benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.62/018,171, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No.62/020,852, filed on Jul. 3, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No.62/024,902, filed on Jul. 15, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No.62/087,647, filed on Dec. 4, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No.62/087,743, filed on Dec. 4, 2014. All of these applications are herebyincorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods forcontextual intelligence. More specifically, the disclosure relates tosystems and methods for contextually identifying target locations andtarget devices using networked devices

BACKGROUND

Traditionally, switches for controlling fixtures (e.g., light bulbs orfans) are located in every room of a building (e.g., near doorways orwindows). The switches have a single purpose (e.g., turning on and off alight). Accordingly, the switches do not have capabilities that servemultiple purposes.

SUMMARY

The term embodiment and like terms are intended to refer broadly to allof the subject matter of this disclosure and the claims below.Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit thesubject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of theclaims below. Embodiments of the present disclosure covered herein aredefined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is ahigh-level overview of various aspects of the disclosure and introducessome of the concepts that are further described in the DetailedDescription section below. This summary is not intended to identify keyor essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intendedto be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subjectmatter. The subject matter should be understood by reference toappropriate portions of the entire specification of this disclosure, anyor all drawings and each claim.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, including one ormore data processors and a non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium containing instructions which, when executed on the one or moredata processors, cause the one or more data processors to performoperations. The operations can include receiving real-time audio data,identifying a parameter of the real-time audio data, and broadcastingthe parameter. For example, the parameter can identify a characteristicof the real-time audio data. Further, broadcasting can facilitatecommunication between a plurality of additional networked devices. Theoperations can include dynamically identifying a master device fromamong the networked device and the plurality of additional networkeddevices, and identifying a target device associated with the masterdevice.

Embodiments of the present disclosure additionally include acomputer-implemented method. The computer-implemented method can includereceiving real-time audio data, identifying a parameter of the real-timeaudio data, and broadcasting the parameter. For example, the parametercan identify a characteristic of the real-time audio data. Further,broadcasting can facilitate communication between a plurality ofadditional networked devices. The computer-implemented method caninclude dynamically identifying a master device from among the networkeddevice and the plurality of additional networked devices, andidentifying a target device associated with the master device.

Embodiments of the present disclosure additionally include acomputer-program product tangibly embodied in a non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium, including instructions configured tocause a data processing apparatus to perform operations. The operationscan include receiving real-time audio data, identifying a parameter ofthe real-time audio data, and broadcasting the parameter. For example,the parameter can identify a characteristic of the real-time audio data.Further, broadcasting can facilitate communication between a pluralityof additional networked devices. The operations can include dynamicallyidentifying a master device from among the networked device and theplurality of additional networked devices, and identifying a targetdevice associated with the master device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The specification makes reference to the following appended figures, inwhich use of like reference numerals in different figures is intended toillustrate like or analogous components.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example of a network environment, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a process forregistering one or more network devices, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of an example of a network environment, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example of a network environment, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of an example of a network environment, inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of an example of a front view of a networkdevice, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example of a side view of a networkdevice, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an example of a block diagram of a network device, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a local area network including anetwork device that includes an appliance, in accordance with anembodiment.

FIG. 10 is an example of a block diagram of a network device includingan interface device attached to an appliance, in accordance with anembodiment.

FIG. 11 is an overhead schematic diagram illustrating an environmentincluding a contextual intelligence system according to certain aspectsof the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contextual intelligencesystem according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating intensity measurements forintelligently identifying a master networked device according to certainaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating the intelligent controlling of atarget device according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a swim lane diagram illustrating a data flow in a contextualintelligence system according to certain aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a process for intelligentlyidentifying a master device according to certain aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 16A is an illustration of an example of a front view of a networkeddevice, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 16B is an illustration of an example of a side view of a networkeddevice, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 17A is an illustration of an example of a front view of a networkeddevice, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 17B is an illustration of an example of a side view of a networkeddevice, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 18A is an illustration of another example of a front view of anetworked device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 18B is an illustration of another example of a side view of anetworked device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an example of a networked deviceaccording to certain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is an illustration of an example of a network environment with anetwork video camera, in accordance with some embodiments.

In the appended figures, similar components and/or features can have thesame reference label. Further, various components of the same type canbe distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain aspects and features of the present disclosure relate tomultipurpose systems, for example, networked devices configured toinclude microphones, motion sensors, video cameras, touchscreens,optical sensors, speakers, or other suitable components. Examples ofnetworked devices can include light switches, switches for controllingfixtures (e.g., light fixtures, fans, and the like), power outlets,smoke detectors, or other suitable devices that can be in communicationwith other devices using a network. The networked devices can includenetworking capabilities to enable the networked device to communicatewith target devices and other networked devices.

In addition, certain aspects and features of the present disclosurerelate to a system of networked devices that can communicate with eachother to identify a target location or a target device. The system cananalyze audio signals received using microphones of the networkeddevices. In some cases, a plurality of networked devices can identify aparticular networked device that is in closest proximity to a user bycalculating an audio intensity of an audio signal received at theplurality of networked devices. The identified networked device canserve as a master device that can control a state of target devices.

These illustrative examples are given to introduce the reader to thegeneral subject matter discussed here and are not intended to limit thescope of the disclosed concepts. The following sections describe variousadditional features and examples with reference to the drawings in whichlike numerals indicate like elements, and directional descriptions areused to describe the illustrative embodiments but, like the illustrativeembodiments, should not be used to limit the present disclosure. Theelements included in the illustrations herein may not be drawn to scale.

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, specificdetails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding ofembodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent that variousembodiments may be practiced without these specific details. The figuresand description are not intended to be restrictive.

The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is notintended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of thedisclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodimentswill provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description forimplementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood thatvarious changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elementswithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as setforth in the appended claims.

Specific details are given in the following description to provide athorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will beunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments maybe practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits,systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown ascomponents in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodimentsin unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits,processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown withoutunnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as aprocess which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flowdiagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchartmay describe the operations as a sequential process, many of theoperations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition,the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminatedwhen its operations are completed, but could have additional steps notincluded in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function,a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process correspondsto a function, its termination can correspond to a return of thefunction to the calling function or the main function.

The term “machine-readable storage medium” or “computer-readable storagemedium” includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portablestorage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediumscapable of storing, containing, or carrying instruction(s) and/or data.A machine-readable storage medium or computer-readable storage mediummay include a non-transitory medium in which data can be stored and thatdoes not include carrier waves and/or transitory electronic signalspropagating wirelessly or over wired connections. Examples of anon-transitory medium may include, but are not limited to, a magneticdisk or tape, optical storage media such as compact disk (CD) or digitalversatile disk (DVD), flash memory, memory or memory devices. Acomputer-program product may include code and/or machine-executableinstructions that may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, aprogram, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class,or any combination of instructions, data structures, or programstatements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or ahardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data,arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments,parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via anysuitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing,network transmission, etc.

Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software,firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or anycombination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middlewareor microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessarytasks (e.g., a computer-program product) may be stored in amachine-readable medium. A processor(s) may perform the necessary tasks.

Systems depicted in some of the figures may be provided in variousconfigurations. In some embodiments, the systems may be configured as adistributed system where one or more components of the system aredistributed across one or more networks in a cloud computing system.

A network may be set up to provide an access device user with access tovarious devices connected to the network. For example, a network mayinclude one or more network devices that provide a user with the abilityto remotely configure or control the network devices themselves or oneor more electronic devices (e.g., appliances) connected to the networkdevices. The electronic devices may be located within an environment ora venue that can support the network. An environment can include, forexample, a home, an office, a business, an automobile, a park, or thelike. A network may include one or more gateways that allow clientdevices (e.g., network devices, access devices, or the like) to accessthe network by providing wired connections and/or wireless connectionsusing radio frequency channels in one or more frequency bands. The oneor more gateways may also provide the client devices with access to oneor more external networks, such as a cloud network, the Internet, and/orother wide area networks.

A local area network, such as a user's home local area network, caninclude multiple network devices that provide various functionalities.Network devices may be accessed and controlled using an access deviceand/or one or more network gateways. One or more gateways in the localarea network may be designated as a primary gateway that provides thelocal area network with access to an external network. The local areanetwork can also extend outside of the user's home and may includenetwork devices located outside of the user's home. For instance, thelocal area network can include network devices such as exterior motionsensors, exterior lighting (e.g., porch lights, walkway lights, securitylights, or the like), garage door openers, sprinkler systems, or othernetwork devices that are exterior to the user's home. It is desirablefor a user to be able to access the network devices while located withinthe local area network and while located remotely from the local areanetwork. For example, a user may access the network devices using anaccess device within the local area network or remotely from the localarea network. As explained herein, techniques are provided that allowgeneration of a single logical network in a local area network, thuspreventing multiple logical networks from being associated with thelocal area network. These techniques allow a user, whether locatedlocally or remotely from the local area network, to access all networkdevices in the local area network.

In some embodiments, a user may create an account with login informationthat is used to authenticate the user and allow access to the networkdevices. For example, once an account is created, a user may enter thelogin information in order to access a network device in a logicalnetwork.

In some embodiments, an accountless authentication process may beperformed so that the user can access one or more network devices withina logical network without having to enter network device logincredentials each time access is requested. While located locally withinthe local area network, an access device may be authenticated based onthe access device's authentication with the logical network. Forexample, if the access device has authorized access to the logicalnetwork (e.g., a WiFi network provided by a gateway), the networkdevices paired with that logical network may allow the access device toconnect to them without requiring a login. Accordingly, only users ofaccess devices that have authorization to access the logical network areauthorized to access network devices within the logical network, andthese users are authorized without having to provide login credentialsfor the network devices.

An accountless authentication process may also be performed when theuser is remote so that the user can access network devices within thelogical network, using an access device, without having to enter networkdevice login credentials. While remote, the access device may access thenetwork devices in the local area network using an external network,such as a cloud network, the Internet, or the like. One or more gatewaysmay provide the network devices and/or access device connected to thelocal area network with access to the external network. To allowaccountless authentication, a cloud network server may provide a networkID and/or one or more keys to a network device and/or to the accessdevice (e.g., running an application, program, or the like). In somecases, a unique key may be generated for the network device and aseparate unique key may be generated for the access device. The keys maybe specifically encrypted with unique information identifiable only tothe network device and the access device. The network device and theaccess device may be authenticated using the network ID and/or eachdevice's corresponding key each time the network device or access deviceattempts to access the cloud network server.

In some embodiments, a home local area network may include a singlegateway, such as a router. A network device within the local areanetwork may pair with or connect to the gateway and may obtaincredentials from the gateway. For example, when the network device ispowered on, a list of gateways that are detected by the network devicemay be displayed on an access device (e.g., via an application, program,or the like installed on and executed by the access device). In thisexample, only the single gateway is included in the home local areanetwork (e.g., any other displayed gateways may be part of other localarea networks). In some embodiments, only the single gateway may bedisplayed (e.g., when only the single gateway is detected by the networkdevice). A user may select the single gateway as the gateway with whichthe network device is to pair and may enter login information foraccessing the gateway. The login information may be the same informationthat was originally set up for accessing the gateway (e.g., a networkuser name and password, a network security key, or any other appropriatelogin information). The access device may send the login information tothe network device and the network device may use the login informationto pair with the gateway. The network device may then obtain thecredentials from the gateway. The credentials may include a service setidentification (SSID) of the home local area network, a media accesscontrol (MAC) address of the gateway, and/or the like. The networkdevice may transmit the credentials to a server of a wide area network,such as a cloud network server. In some embodiments, the network devicemay also send to the server information relating to the network device(e.g., MAC address, serial number, or the like) and/or informationrelating to the access device (e.g., MAC address, serial number,application unique identifier, or the like).

The cloud network server may register the gateway as a logical networkand may assign the first logical network a network identifier (ID). Thecloud network server may further generate a set of security keys, whichmay include one or more security keys. For example, the server maygenerate a unique key for the network device and a separate unique keyfor the access device. The server may associate the network device andthe access device with the logical network by storing the network ID andthe set of security keys in a record or profile. The cloud networkserver may then transmit the network ID and the set of security keys tothe network device. The network device may store the network ID and itsunique security key. The network device may also send the network ID andthe access device's unique security key to the access device. In someembodiments, the server may transmit the network ID and the accessdevice's security key directly to the access device. The network deviceand the access device may then communicate with the cloud server usingthe network ID and the unique key generated for each device.Accordingly, the access device may perform accountless authentication toallow the user to remotely access the network device via the cloudnetwork without logging in each time access is requested. Also, thenetwork device can communicate with the server regarding the logicalnetwork.

In some embodiments, a local area network may include multiple gateways(e.g., a router and a range extender) and multiple network devices. Forexample, a local area network may include a first gateway paired with afirst network device, and a second gateway paired with a second networkdevice. In the event credentials for each gateway are used to create alogical network, a server (e.g., a cloud network server) may registerthe first gateway as a first logical network and may register the secondgateway as a second logical network. The server may generate a firstnetwork ID and a first set of security keys for the first logicalnetwork. The first set of security keys may include a unique securitykey for the first network device and a unique security key for theaccess device for use in accessing the first network device on the firstlogical network. The server may register the second gateway as thesecond logical network due to differences in the credentials between thefirst gateway and second gateway. The server may assign the secondgateway a second network ID and may generate a second set of securitykeys. For example, the server may generate a unique security key for thesecond network device and may generate a unique security key for theaccess device for use in accessing the second network device on thesecond logical network. The server may associate the first networkdevice and the access device with the first logical network by storingthe first network ID and the first set of security keys in a firstrecord or profile. The server may also associate the second networkdevice and the access device with the second logical network by storingthe second network ID and the second set of security keys in a record orprofile. The server may then transmit the first network ID and the firstset of security keys to the first network device, and may transmit thesecond network ID and the second set of security keys to the secondnetwork device. The two network devices may store the respective networkID and set of security keys of the gateway with which each networkdevice is connected. Each network device may send the respective networkID and the access device's unique security key to the access device. Thenetwork devices and the access device may then communicate with thecloud server using the respective network ID and the unique keygenerated for each device.

Accordingly, when multiple gateways are included in the home local areanetwork, multiple logical networks associated with different networkidentifiers may be generated for the local area network. When the accessdevice is located within range of both gateways in the local areanetwork, there is no problem accessing both network devices due to theability of the access device to perform local discovery techniques(e.g., universal plug and play (UPnP)). However, when the user islocated remotely from the local area network, the access device may onlybe associated with one logical network at a time, which prevents theaccess device from accessing network devices of other logical networkswithin the local area network.

Accordingly, techniques and systems are described herein for identifyinga primary gateway and generating a logical network using credentials ofthe primary gateway. Accordingly, a single logical network may begenerated for a local area network. Whether located locally or remotely,a user may thus access all network devices in the local area networkusing the single logical network.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a local area network 100. The localarea network 100 includes network device 102, network device 104, andnetwork device 106. In some embodiments, any of the network devices 102,104, 106 may include an Internet of Things (IoT) device. As used herein,an IoT device is a device that includes sensing and/or controlfunctionality as well as a WiFi™ transceiver radio or interface, aBluetooth™ transceiver radio or interface, a Zigbee™ transceiver radioor interface, an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transceiver radio or interface, aWiFi-Direct transceiver radio or interface, a Bluetooth™ Low Energy(BLE) transceiver radio or interface, an infrared (IR) transceiver,and/or any other wireless network transceiver radio or interface thatallows the IoT device to communicate with a wide area network and withone or more other devices. In some embodiments, an IoT device does notinclude a cellular network transceiver radio or interface, and thus maynot be configured to directly communicate with a cellular network. Insome embodiments, an IoT device may include a cellular transceiverradio, and may be configured to communicate with a cellular networkusing the cellular network transceiver radio. The network devices 102,104, 106, as IoT devices or other devices, may include home automationnetwork devices that allow a user to access, control, and/or configurevarious home appliances located within the user's home (e.g., atelevision, radio, light, fan, humidifier, sensor, microwave, iron,and/or the like), or outside of the user's home (e.g., exterior motionsensors, exterior lighting, garage door openers, sprinkler systems, orthe like). For example, network device 102 may include a home automationswitch that may be coupled with a home appliance. In some embodiments,network devices 102, 104, 106 may be used in other environments, such asa business, a school, an establishment, a park, or any place that cansupport the local area network 100 to enable communication with networkdevices 102, 104, 106. For example, a network device can allow a user toaccess, control, and/or configure devices, such as office-relateddevices (e.g., copy machine, printer, fax machine, or the like), audioand/or video related devices (e.g., a receiver, a speaker, a projector,a DVD player, a television, or the like), media-playback devices (e.g.,a compact disc player, a CD player, or the like), computing devices(e.g., a home computer, a laptop computer, a tablet, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a computing device, a wearable device, or the like),lighting devices (e.g., a lamp, recessed lighting, or the like), devicesassociated with a security system, devices associated with an alarmsystem, devices that can be operated in an automobile (e.g., radiodevices, navigation devices), and/or the like.

A user may communicate with the network devices 102, 104, 106 using anaccess device 108. The access device 108 may include anyhuman-to-machine interface with network connection capability thatallows access to a network. For example, the access device 108 mayinclude a stand-alone interface (e.g., a cellular telephone, asmartphone, a home computer, a laptop computer, a tablet, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a computing device, a wearable device such as asmart watch, a wall panel, a keypad, or the like), an interface that isbuilt into an appliance or other device e.g., a television, arefrigerator, a security system, a game console, a browser, or thelike), a speech or gesture interface (e.g., a Kinect™ sensor, aWiimote™, or the like), an IoT device interface (e.g., an Internetenabled device such as a wall switch, a control interface, or othersuitable interface), or the like. In some embodiments, the access device108 may include a cellular or other broadband network transceiver radioor interface, and may be configured to communicate with a cellular orother broadband network using the cellular or broadband networktransceiver radio. In some embodiments, the access device 108 may notinclude a cellular network transceiver radio or interface. While only asingle access device 108 is shown in FIG. 1 , one of ordinary skill inthe art will appreciate that multiple access devices may communicatewith the network devices 102, 104, 106. The user may interact with thenetwork devices 102, 104, or 106 using an application, a web browser, aproprietary program, or any other program executed and operated by theaccess device 108. In some embodiments, the access device 108 maycommunicate directly with the network devices 102, 104, 106 (e.g.,communication signal 116). For example, the access device 108 maycommunicate directly with network device 102, 104, 106 using Zigbee™signals, Bluetooth™ signals, WiFi™ signals, infrared (IR) signals, UWBsignals, WiFi-Direct signals, BLE signals, sound frequency signals, orthe like. In some embodiments, the access device 108 may communicatewith the network devices 102, 104, 106 via the gateways 110, 112 (e.g.,communication signal 118) and/or the cloud network 114 (e.g.,communication signal 120).

The local area network 100 may include a wireless network, a wirednetwork, or a combination of a wired and wireless network. A wirelessnetwork may include any wireless interface or combination of wirelessinterfaces (e.g., Zigbee™, Bluetooth™, WiFi™, IR, UWB, WiFi-Direct, BLE,cellular, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), WiMax™, or the like). A wirednetwork may include any wired interface (e.g., fiber, ethernet,powerline ethernet, ethernet over coaxial cable, digital signal line(DSL), or the like). The wired and/or wireless networks may beimplemented using various routers, access points, bridges, gateways, orthe like, to connect devices in the local area network 100. For example,the local area network may include gateway 110 and gateway 112. Gateway110 or 112 can provide communication capabilities to network devices102, 104, 106 and/or access device 108 via radio signals in order toprovide communication, location, and/or other services to the devices.The gateway 110 is directly connected to the external network 114 andmay provide other gateways and devices in the local area network withaccess to the external network 114. The gateway 110 may be designated asa primary gateway. While two gateways 110 and 112 are shown in FIG. 1 ,one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any number ofgateways may be present within the local area network 100.

The network access provided by gateway 110 and gateway 112 may be of anytype of network familiar to those skilled in the art that can supportdata communications using any of a variety of commercially-availableprotocols. For example, gateways 110, 112 may provide wirelesscommunication capabilities for the local area network 100 usingparticular communications protocols, such as WiFi™ (e.g., IEEE 802.11family standards, or other wireless communication technologies, or anycombination thereof). Using the communications protocol(s), the gateways110, 112 may provide radio frequencies on which wireless enabled devicesin the local area network 100 can communicate. A gateway may also bereferred to as a base station, an access point, Node B, Evolved Node B(eNodeB), access point base station, a Femtocell, home base station,home Node B, home eNodeB, or the like.

The gateways 110, 112 may include a router, a modem, a range extendingdevice, and/or any other device that provides network access among oneor more computing devices and/or external networks. For example, gateway110 may include a router or access point, and gateway 112 may include arange extending device. Examples of range extending devices may includea wireless range extender, a wireless repeater, or the like.

A router gateway may include access point and router functionality, andmay further include an Ethernet switch and/or a modem. For example, arouter gateway may receive and forward data packets among differentnetworks. When a data packet is received, the router gateway may readidentification information (e.g., a media access control (MAC) address)in the packet to determine the intended destination for the packet. Therouter gateway may then access information in a routing table or routingpolicy, and may direct the packet to the next network or device in thetransmission path of the packet. The data packet may be forwarded fromone gateway to another through the computer networks until the packet isreceived at the intended destination.

A range extending gateway may be used to improve signal range andstrength within a local area network. The range extending gateway mayreceive an existing signal from a router gateway or other gateway andmay rebroadcast the signal to create an additional logical network. Forexample, a range extending gateway may extend the network coverage ofthe router gateway when two or more devices on the local area networkneed to be connected with one another, but the distance between one ofthe devices and the router gateway is too far for a connection to beestablished using the resources from the router gateway. As a result,devices outside of the coverage area of the router gateway may be ableto connect through the repeated network provided by the range extendinggateway. The router gateway and range extending gateway may exchangeinformation about destination addresses using a dynamic routingprotocol.

The gateways 110 and 112 may also provide the access device 108 and thenetwork devices 102, 104, 106 with access to one or more externalnetworks, such as the cloud network 114, the Internet, and/or other widearea networks. In some embodiments, the network devices 102, 104, 106may connect directly to the cloud network 114, for example, usingbroadband network access such as a cellular network. The cloud network114 may include a cloud infrastructure system that provides cloudservices. In certain embodiments, services provided by the cloud network114 may include a host of services that are made available to users ofthe cloud infrastructure system on demand, such as registration andaccess control of network devices 102, 104, 106. Services provided bythe cloud infrastructure system can dynamically scale to meet the needsof its users. The cloud network 114 may comprise one or more computers,servers, and/or systems. In some embodiments, the computers, servers,and/or systems that make up the cloud network 114 are different from theuser's own on-premises computers, servers, and/or systems. For example,the cloud network 114 may host an application, and a user may, via acommunication network such as the Internet, on demand, order and use theapplication.

In some embodiments, the cloud network 114 may host a Network AddressTranslation (NAT) Traversal application in order to establish a secureconnection between the cloud network 114 and one or more of the networkdevices 102, 104, 106. For example, a separate secure TransmissionControl Protocol (TCP) connection may be established by each networkdevice 102, 104, 106 for communicating between each network device 102,104, 106 and the cloud network 114. In some embodiments, each secureconnection may be kept open for an indefinite period of time so that thecloud network 114 can initiate communications with each respectivenetwork device 102, 104, or 106 at any time. In some cases, other typesof communications between the cloud network 114 and the network devices102, 104, 106 and/or the access device 108 may be supported using othertypes of communication protocols, such as a Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) protocol, a Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocol,or the like. In some embodiments, communications initiated by the cloudnetwork 114 may be conducted over the TCP connection, and communicationsinitiated by a network device may be conducted over a HTTP or HTTPSconnection. In certain embodiments, the cloud network 114 may include asuite of applications, middleware, and database service offerings thatare delivered to a customer in a self-service, subscription-based,elastically scalable, reliable, highly available, and secure manner.

It should be appreciated that the local area network 100 may have othercomponents than those depicted. Further, the embodiment shown in thefigure is only one example of a local area network that may incorporatean embodiment of the invention. In some other embodiments, local areanetwork 100 may have more or fewer components than shown in the figure,may combine two or more components, or may have a differentconfiguration or arrangement of components.

Upon being powered on or reset, the network devices 102, 104, 106 may beregistered with the cloud network 114 and associated with a logicalnetwork within the local area network 100. FIG. 2 illustrates an exampleof a process 200 for registering one or more network devices, such asthe network devices 102, 104, 106 illustrated in FIG. 1 . When multiplenetwork devices 102, 104, 106 and gateways 110, 112 are included withina local area network, the network devices and/or gateways may beinstalled at different times, resulting in the techniques described withrespect to FIG. 2 possibly occurring for each network device and/orgateway at different points in time. For example, a user may installnetwork device 102 at a first point in time on a first floor of theuser's house. Gateway 110 may also be located on the first floor,resulting in the network device 102 pairing with gateway 110. The usermay later install gateway 112 and network device 106 on a second floorof the user's home, resulting in the network device 106 pairing withgateway 112.

At 202, a network device may detect one or more gateways upon beingpowered on or reset. In some embodiments, a provisioning process mayoccur when the network device is powered on or reset and detected by anaccess device (e.g., access device 108). During the provisioningprocess, the access device may directly communicate with the networkdevice. In some embodiments, direct communication between networkdevices (e.g., network devices 102, 104, 106) and access device (e.g.,access device 108) may occur using various communications protocols,such as Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), Bluetooth®, Zigbee®,Ultra-Wideband (UWB), WiFi-Direct, WiFi, Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE),sound frequencies, and/or the like.

The provisioning process may include pairing the network device with agateway and registering the gateway, network device, and access devicewith a server, such as a server located within the cloud network 114.For example, upon being powered on or reset to factory settings, thenetwork device may send or broadcast identification information to oneor more access devices. The identification information may be sentduring a discovery process. For example, the identification informationmay be sent in response to a discovery request from an access device. Insome cases, the identification information may include a name of thenetwork device.

An application, program, or the like that is installed on and executedby the access device may receive the identification information from thenetwork device. When the application on the access device is launched bya user, the access device may display the identification information forselection by the user. Once the network device identificationinformation is selected, the access device may send a signal to thenetwork device indicating that it has been selected. The network devicemay then send to the access device a list of gateways that are detectedby the network device. The access device may receive and display thelist of gateways. In some embodiments, the list of gateways includesmultiple gateways (e.g., gateways 110 and 112) that are located withinthe local area network. The user may select the gateway that the userwishes for the network device to pair. For example, the gateway thatprovides the best signal strength for the network device may beselected. The access device may then prompt the user to enter logininformation that is required for accessing the network signals providedby the selected gateway. For example, the login information may be thesame information that was originally set up to access the gatewaynetwork signals (e.g., when the gateway was initially installed). Onceentered, the access device may send the login information to the networkdevice. The network device may use the login information to pair withthe selected gateway. As one example, network device 102 and networkdevice 104 may be paired with gateway 110, and network device 106 may bepaired with gateway 112.

Once paired with a gateway, the network device may be registered with acloud network (e.g., cloud network 114). For example, the access device(e.g., via the application, program, or the like) may instruct thenetwork device to register with the cloud network upon receivingconfirmation from the network device that it has been successfullypaired with a gateway. At 204, the network device may obtain credentialsfrom the gateway as part of the registration process. For example,network device 102 may obtain credentials from gateway 110. At a same orlater point in time, network devices 104 and 106 may obtain credentialsfrom gateways 110 and 112, respectively. In some embodiments, thecredentials may include a SSID of the local area network and a MACaddress of the gateway. An SSID received from two gateways (e.g.,gateways 110, 112) may be the same due to the gateways both being withinthe same local area network. In some cases, the SSID of the two gatewaysmay be different. The MAC address of each of the gateways may be uniqueto each gateway. As a result of each gateway having a unique MACaddress, the credentials obtained from a gateway may be unique to thatparticular gateway. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat other credentials may be obtained from a gateway, such as anInternet Protocol address, or the like.

The network device may then send the gateway credentials to the cloudnetwork at 206. For example, the network devices 102, 104, 106 may sendcredentials for the gateway with which each is paired to the serverlocated within the cloud network 114. For example, network device 102may transmit the credentials obtained from gateway 110 to the server,and network device 106 may transmit the credentials obtained fromgateway 112 to the server. In some embodiments, the network device mayalso send information relating to the network device (e.g., MAC address,serial number, make, model number, firmware version, and/or an interfacemodule identifier, or the like) to the server, and/or informationrelating to the access device (e.g., MAC address, serial number,application unique identifier, or the like) to the server. In someembodiments, the communication of the credentials, the network deviceinformation, and/or the access device information sent from the networkdevice to the cloud network server may be in a Hypertext TransferProtocol (HTTP) format, a Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)format, a secure Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) format, or thelike. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that othercommunication formats may be used to communicate between the networkdevice and the cloud network server.

Once the credentials, network device information, and/or access deviceinformation are received by the server, the server may register eachgateway as a logical network within the local area network and maygenerate a network ID for each logical network. For example, the servermay register the gateway 110 as a first logical network. During theregistration process, the server may generate a first network ID foridentifying the first logical network. As noted above, one of ordinaryskill in the art will appreciate that any number of gateways may bepresent within the local area network, and thus that any number oflogical networks may be registered for the local area network. Theserver may further generate a first set of security keys forauthenticating the network device and the access device. For example,the server may generate a unique key for the network device 102 and aseparate unique key for the access device 108.

In some embodiments, as previously described, network device 104 mayalso be paired with gateway 110 at the same or a later point in time asthe network device 102. During registration of the network device 104,the server may determine that the access device 108 has already beenregistered with another network device (e.g., network device 102) thatis associated with the same logical network of gateway 110. In suchembodiments, the server may retrieve the first network ID that was usedin registering the first logical network. The server may also generate anew unique security key for the network device 104, and may retrieve theunique key that was previously generated for the access device 108 whenregistering the gateway 110 as the first logical network.

The gateway 112 may also be registered by the server as a second logicalnetwork with a second network ID. A second set of security keys may begenerated for the network device 106 and the access device 108. Forexample, the server may generate a unique security key for the networkdevice 106 and a unique security key for the access device 108 as itrelates to the second logical network. In some embodiments, the gatewaymay 112 be installed at a later point in time after the gateway 110 isinstalled, and thus may be registered as the second logical network atthe later point in time.

A record or profile may then be created for associating each network IDwith the credentials of a corresponding gateway, the correspondingnetwork device(s), and the access device. For example, the server of thecloud network 114 may associate the first network ID with thecredentials of gateway 110. Similarly, the server may associate thesecond network ID with the credentials of gateway 112. In someembodiments, the server performs the association by generating andstoring a record including the network ID, the set of security keys, thegateway credentials, the network devices associated with the network ID(e.g., MAC address or serial number of a network device), the accessdevices associated with the network ID (e.g., MAC address, serialnumber, application unique identifier, or the like), and/or any otherinformation relevant to the network devices and/or gateways. Forexample, the server may store the first network ID and the first set ofsecurity keys in a first record at a first memory space (e.g., in Flash,DRAM, a database, or the like) along with the SSID and MAC address forgateway 110 and an identifier of the network devices 102 and/or 104. Theserver may also store the second network ID and the second set ofsecurity keys in a second record at a second memory space along with theSSID and MAC address for gateway 112 and an identifier of the networkdevice 106. In some embodiments, an example of a network deviceidentifier may include a MAC address of the network device, a serialnumber of the network device, or any other unique identifier.

Each of the first and second network IDs may include a unique number oralphanumeric string generated sequentially or randomly. For example, thefirst time a network device and an associated gateway are registered onthe cloud network 114, the unique network ID for the logical network ofthe gateway may start with 7000000. Each subsequent logical network thatis created may be a sequential increment of the initial network ID(e.g., 7000001, 7000002, 7000003, etc.). As another example, the networkID may be generated by a random or pseudo-random number generator. Oneof ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other techniques forgenerating a unique ID may be used. The technique used to generate thenetwork IDs may be dependent on a type of database that is included inthe cloud network 114. For example, different databases may havedifferent proprietary mechanisms for creating a unique identifier.

The set of keys generated for each logical network may be generatedusing database specific technique. For example, a MySQL technique may beused to generate the sets of keys. Each key may include a universallyunique identifier (UUID) or a globally unique identifier (GUID). Asdescribed above, for each logical network, the server may generate aunique key for a network device and a separate unique key for an accessdevice.

At 208, the network device may receive the network ID and the set ofsecurity keys. For example, once the server has generated a record orprofile associating the network device 102 with the first logicalnetwork, the server may transmit the first network ID and the first setof security keys to the network device 102. The network device 102 maystore the first network ID and one or more keys of the first set ofkeys. For example, the network device 102 may store the unique securitykey that was created by the server for the network device 102.

As noted previously, the network devices 102, 104, 106 and gateways 110,112 may be installed at different times. For example, in someembodiments, network device 104 may be installed at a point in timeafter the first logical network is created based on the pairing betweengateway 110 and network device 102. In such embodiments, upon beingpowered on, the network device 104 may pair with gateway 110, obtaincredentials from gateway 110, and transmit the credentials to the serverin the cloud network 114 using similar techniques as those describedabove. The server may associate the network device 104 with thepreviously generated first network ID. As described above, the servermay also generate a new unique security key for the network device 104,and may retrieve the unique key that was previously generated for theaccess device 108 when registering the first logical network. Thenetwork device 104 may then receive and store the first network ID andthe security keys from the server.

At 210, the network device may send the network ID and the set ofsecurity keys to the access device. For example, the network device 102may send to the access device 108 the first network ID and the uniquesecurity key generated for the access device 108. The network device 102and the access device 108 may then communicate with the cloud networkserver using the first network ID and each device's unique key. In someembodiments, the network device and the access device may generate asignature using their respective security key. The signature is sent tothe cloud network server along with a communication from the networkdevice or access device. The cloud network server may process thesignature in order to authenticate each device, as described below. Thenetwork device and access device may use different techniques togenerate a signature.

A network device may generate a signature using its uniquely generatedsecurity key. For example, the signature may be expressed as:Authorization MacAddress“:“Signature”:” ExpirationTime. TheAuthorization term may be an attribute, and the MacAddress, Signature,and ExpirationTime terms may include values for the Authorizationattribute. In particular, the MacAddress value may include the MACaddress of the network device, which may include a unique alphanumericor numeric string. The network device may retrieve its MAC address frommemory and place it in the MacAddress field. The Signature value may beexpressed as: Signature=Base64(HMAC-SHA1(PrivateKey, StringToSign)). TheSignature value may include an alphanumeric or numeric string. HMAC-SHA1is an open source technique that includes a Hash-based MessageAuthentication Code (HMAC) using a SHA1 hash function. The HMAC-SHA1technique uses the values PrivateKey and StringToSign as inputs. ThePrivateKey input includes the unique security key that was generated bythe server for the network device. The StringToSign input may beexpressed asStringToSign=MacAddress+“\n”+SerialNumber+“\n”+ExpirationTime.Accordingly, the StringToSign input is generated by appending a serialnumber of the network device and an expiration time to the networkdevice's MAC address. The ExpirationTime term may indicate the period oftime for which the signature is valid. In some embodiments, theExpirationTime term may include a current time at which the signature isgenerated plus period of time for which the signature is valid. In oneexample, the ExpirationTime term may be expressed asExpirationTime=Number of seconds since Jan. 1, 1970.

The network device may place the signature in a data packet fortransmission with a communication signal to the cloud network server.The network device may also place the network ID in the data packet. Thesignature and the network ID, if included, may be used by the cloudnetwork server to verify that the network device is associated with thelogical network. In some embodiments, a signature is provided with eachcommunication sent from the network device to the server. Once thesignature is received by the server, the server generates a signatureusing the same expression as that used by the network device. Forexample, the server may retrieve the network device's key and otherrelevant information from storage and generate the signature using thekey and the other information using the expression described above. Theserver then verifies whether the signatures match. Upon determining thatthe signatures match, the server authenticates the network device'scommunication.

An access device may also generate a signature using its uniquelygenerated security key. For example, the access device signature may beexpressed as: Authorization=SDU UniqueId“:“Signature”:” ExpirationTime.The Authorization term may be an attribute, and the SDU UniqueId,Signature, and ExpirationTime terms may include values for theAuthorization attribute. The SDU UniqueId term may include a uniquephone identifier. The SDU UniqueId value may depend on the type ofaccess device that is used and the type of values that may be accessedand/or generated by the type of access device. In some cases, one typeof access device may not allow an application to access a uniqueidentifier of the access device (e.g., a serial number, UUID, or thelike). In such cases, the SDU UniqueId value may include a valuegenerated by an application or program installed on and executed on theaccess device that is used to access the network device. The value maybe unique to the application or program that generated the value. Inother cases, another type of access device may allow an application toaccess a unique identifier of the access device. In such cases, the SDUUniqueId value may include a value that is unique to the access deviceitself, such as a serial number, UUID, or the like. In this example, theaccess device may retrieve the unique value from storage within theaccess device. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate thatother unique identifiers may be used to uniquely identify the accessdevice. The Signature value may be expressed as:Signature=Base64(HMAC-SHA1(PrivateKey, StringToSign)). Using thisexpression, the input to the HMAC-SHA1 technique may include aPrivateKey term and a StringToSign term. The PrivateKey input includesthe unique security key that was generated by the server for the accessdevice with regard to a particular logical network. The StringToSigninput may be expressed as StringToSign=UniqueId+“\n”+“\n”+ExpirationTime. The StringToSign value is different from the StringToSign valuegenerated by network device in that no serial number is included.Accordingly, the StringToSign input is generated by appending anexpiration time to the access device's unique identifier. TheExpirationTime term may indicate the period of time for which thesignature is valid, similar to that above for the signature generated bythe network device.

The access device may place the signature in a data packet and maytransmit the data packet to the cloud network server with acommunication signal. The network device may also place the network IDin the data packet. The signature and the network ID, if included, maybe used by the cloud network server to verify that the access device isassociated with the logical network and authorized to communicate withone or more network devices associated with the logical network. In someembodiments, a signature is provided with each communication sent fromthe access device to the server. The cloud server may receive thesignature and may generate a signature using the same expression as thatused by the access device. For example, the server may retrieve theaccess device's key and other relevant information from storage andgenerate the signature using the key and the other information using theexpression described above. The server then verifies whether thesignatures match. Upon determining that the signatures match, the serverauthenticates the access device and allows it to communicate with one ormore of the network devices associated with logical network.

Once the provisioning process is completed, the access device 108 mayaccess the network device 102 locally via the gateway 110 (e.g.,communication signal 118) or remotely via the cloud network 114 (e.g.,communication signal 120). In some embodiments, the communicationbetween the access device 108 and the cloud network 114 may be a HTTP orHTTPS communication. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat other communication mechanisms may be used to communicate betweenthe access device 108 and the cloud network 114.

The network 100 may enable a user to monitor and/or control operation ofthe devices 102 and 104. For example, a user may monitor and/or controloperation of devices by interacting with a visual interface of thegateway 110 (i.e., a web page for gateway 110) and/or a visual interfacerendered on a display of an access device, such as access device 108. Insome embodiments, an application may be run on the access device. Theapplication may cause the access device to present a graphical interfacethat includes a visual interface for each device accessible on thenetwork 100.

A network device may generate and/or provide a “status” of the networkdevice. In certain embodiments, the status or state of a network devicecan be indicated on a visual interface on the access device, for examplewithin the tile with text and/or graphically. The status of the networkdevice can change based on time (e.g., a period, an interval, or othertime schedule). The status of a network device may be any piece ofinformation pertinent to that particular network device. The status of anetwork device may be any changeable variable of that particular networkdevice. For example, the status of a network device may include a stateof the-network device itself (e.g., on or off) or how the network deviceis situated within the network with respect to the other network andother network devices throughout the network. For example, the status ofa network device may refer to the network device's proximity to anothernetwork device and/or its ability to communicate with another networkdevice because of the relative signal strength between the two networkdevices. In certain embodiments, the status can include a value or someother information indicating a unit of measure for a setting or anattribute related to operation of a device connected to the networkdevice. The setting or the attribute can be adjustable within a range ofvalues. For example, the device connected to the network device can be alight bulb and the status can include a value corresponding tobrightness (e.g., a percentage of total brightness) emitted by the lightbulb when the light bulb is powered-on. In another example, the devicecan be a motion sensor and the status can include a value correspondingto sensitivity of the sensor in a range of values between 0 to 100 whenthe sensor is powered on. In yet another example, the device can be afan and the status can include a value corresponding to a speed of thefan on a scale of 0 to 100 when the fan is powered-on.

As described above, upon being powered on or reset, the-network devices102 and/or 104 may be registered with the cloud network 114 andassociated with a logical network within the local area network 100.Similarly, upon being powered or switched off or otherwise beingdisconnected from the network 100, the status of the-network device 102would be known and stored by a cache (not shown) associated with thenetwork 100. For example, cloud network 114 may include storage (e.g.cache) that stores the status of the network devices within each localarea network 100 it is connected to and/or provides access to. Inanother example, the gateway 110 may include storage that stores thestatus of the network devices within each local area network it isconnected to and/or provides access to. More specifically, the statusstored in the cache may include a status table which indicates thecurrent status of each network device (as of its last communication witheach network device). A status table may include all statuses ofeach-network device, or individual storage tables for each local areanetwork or other subset of its network devices/networks. In oneembodiment, a change in status may prompt the-network device to push itschange in in status to the cloud network 114 for storage or updating ofthe cloud's stored status table. In another embodiment, cloud network114 and/or gateway 110 may continuously (or periodically) communicatewith each-network device to check to see if its status has changed.

In some embodiments, a network device (e.g. network device 102 and/or104) may, upon connecting to the local area network 100, check thestatus of the-network devices on the network 100. In other embodiments,one-network device may check the status of one or more of the othernetwork devices on the network 100. The network device may seek to checkthe status of another network device or access device for variousreasons, including to display such status(es) to a user on a display orotherwise, to check whether that network device belongs to the samenetwork, to synchronize or coordinate any scheduled executions, toupdate an attribute based on adjustment received among others. Forexample, a network device or user may desire to check various statuseson a connected device, such as power level, timestamped activity history(e.g. temperature for a thermostat, motion for a motion detector, etc.),how long it has been active/turned on, attributes for operation of theconnected device (e.g., a brightness of a lamp, a speed of a fan, or asensitivity of a sensor, etc.), among many others.

In some embodiments, a device, such as the access device 108 shown inFIG. 1 or the gateway 110, connected to the network 100 can communicatean updated status of a network device, such as the network devices 102and/or 104. The updated status can be communicated via the network 100and can include an adjustment that affects a status of the networkdevice. The adjustment can include an amount of change to one or moreattributes, one or more settings, or a combination thereof related tooperation of the network device connected to the network 100. The accessdevice 108 or the gateway 110 can present a graphical interface that canreceive input corresponding to an adjustment to a status of a device. Insome embodiments, the updated status of the network device communicatedto the network 100 can be received by a network device to which theupdated status applies, or can be received by the gateway 110, the cloudnetwork 110, or any other device in communication with the network. Ifthe device cannot directly receive the updated status, it can alsoreceive the updated status from the cloud network 114, the gateway 110,or the other devices in the network 100. In some embodiments, thenetwork device can communicate its updated status to the network 100,which can indicate whether the status has been updated. The updatedstatus can be received by the access device or any other device in thenetwork 100. In some embodiments where the access device is not locatedwithin the network 100, the access device may not immediately receivethe updated status. The updated status can be stored by the cloudnetwork 114 or the gateway 110 for communication to the access device.The status of the network device can indicate whether an adjustment wasmade based on an adjustment in a setting or an attribute transmitted bythe access device. Alternatively, or additionally, the access device canreceive, from any other network device connected to the network 100, astatus update indicating whether the adjustment was in fact made at anetwork device.

A network device seeking to check the status of any other device on thenetwork 100 may communicate with the cloud network 114, to which alldevices on the network 100 are connected either directly or indirectly.Since the cloud network 114 and/or the gateway 110 can store an updatedtable/list of the statuses of each of the network devices 102 and 104within the requesting network's local area network, the cloud network114 and/or gateway 110 may communicate such status data to the networkdevices 102 and 104 and the access device. For example, if-networkdevices 102 and 104 were to each turn on and communicate their statusesto cloud network 114, cloud network 114 may analyze the status ofnetwork devices 102 and 104 and communicate to-network devices 102 and104 that they are each connected to the same local area network 100.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a network 300, according to embodimentsof the present invention. Specifically, the network 300 can be awireless local area network enabling an access device to communicatewith network devices to control adjustment of attributes related tooperation of the network devices. Network 300 includes network device302, network device 304, network device 306, and network device 308. Thenetwork 300 also includes access device 108. In other words, the network300 may be substantially similar to the network 100 except that accessdevice 108 has been turned on near the network 300, to which it isassociated, or has entered an area to which the network 300 can reach.

When access device 108 can enter the network 300 as shown in FIG. 3 ,access device 108 may be authenticated based on the access device'sauthentication with the logical network or may otherwise commencecommunication with cloud network 114. Access device 108 may alsocommunicate notification of its presence or other information directlyto other network devices 302-308 within network 300, as shown in FIG. 3by communication paths 330. As noted, such communication may includevarious communications protocols, such as Universal Plug and Play(UPnP), Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), WiFi-Direct, WiFi,Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE), sound frequencies, and/or the like. Forexample, access device 108 may communicate to all other devices innetwork 300, including network device 302, network device 304, networkdevice 306, and network device 308, information/data regarding itsstatus. Such status data may include the fact that it is present andturned on, or other status data/information. At any time that networkdevices 302, 304, 306 and 308 recognize that access device 108 ispresent at network 300, the network devices may communicate back toaccess device 108. For example, the network devices may send anacknowledgement (e.g., ACK signal) back to access device 108 to confirmthat they received the status data sent by access device 108. Thenetwork devices may also send their own status data to access device108.

While network devices 302-308 and access device 108 may each receivecommunication from other network devices around the network 300,including the status of each of those network devices, network devices302-308 and/or access device 108 may be continuously scanning network300 (including, for example, running discovery algorithms) to determinewhether any devices within the network have moved, turned on/off orotherwise added to or subtracted from the network 300, or have otherwisechanged statuses.

Since network devices 302-308 and access device 108 may each receivecommunication from other devices around network 300, including thestatus of each of those devices, each network device within network 300may know the status of each other network device in the network 300. Forexample, access device 108 or devices 302-308 may not be required tocommunicate with cloud network 114 in order to obtain one or more ofsuch statuses. Since cloud network 114 is an external network and may beremote from network 300, communication between network devices withinthe network 300 and cloud 114 may take more time than communicationbetween two devices within network 300. For example, communicationbetween devices within network 300 may take anywhere from 1 millisecondto 100 milliseconds, while communication between a device within network300 and the cloud network 114 may take anywhere from 50 milliseconds to1 second or more). Furthermore, if a network device is retrievinginformation from cloud 114, the request must travel from the networkdevice to cloud network 114, and then the information must travel backfrom cloud network 114 to the network device. This process may doublethe latency caused by retrieving information with cloud 114. Therefore,devices within the network 300 may choose to send and receive/retrievestatuses directly with other devices within the network 300 instead ofcommunicating such information via cloud network 114. When a networkdevice receives status data from another network device on the device'slocal area network 300, it may store that status data so that it mayretrieve and use that status data at a later time.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a network 400, according to embodimentsof the present invention. The local area network 400 may include networkdevice 302, network device 304, network device 306, network device 308,and access device 108. FIG. 4 also illustrates that one or more networkdevices 302-308 and/or access device 108 may include a storage device,such as a cache, for storing data, including data regarding its ownstatus and data regarding statuses received from the other deviceswithin local area network 400. For example, access device 108 may, afterbeing powered up, broadcast/send its status to network device 308 viacommunication 434. Network device 308 may store the status data receivedfrom access device 108 until the next time access device 108 updates itsstatus by sending new/updated status data to network device 308. Cachemay be used for storage within network devices 302-308 and/or accessdevices within the local area network 400 so that each of the devicesmay be able to quickly retrieve the data it needs from storage. Anapplication operating on the access device 108 can access the cache toobtain information to display the visual interface for each networkdevice 302-308 registered within the network 400. Although a cachingdevice may be used to store such data within the network and/or accessdevices within the local area network 400, other types of storage may beused.

The cache can contain a known interface list including interfaceinformation for different, known types of devices. The known list caninclude a record for each network device known by the access device 108to exist on the network 400. When an application is run on the accessdevice 108, the access device 108 can access the known interfaces in thecache to present the display of access device 108. The display canpresent one or more visual interfaces, each corresponding to a networkdevice known to exist on the network 400. Each visual interface can begenerated based on a visual interface module corresponding to eachdevice on the network 400. In an example, the display can include avisual interface (e.g., a module tile) for each device in the network400 having an interface in the known interface list.

The cache can also contain known status information about each networkdevice in the known device list. When the application is run on theaccess device 108, the access device 108 can access the known statusinformation in the cache to present a status display. The access device108 can populate each tile with an indicator representing the respectiveknown status information for each device in the known device list. Thestatus display can include an indicator of one or more attributes, oneor more settings, or a combination thereof related to operation of eachdevice in the network 400. For example, the status display can include aspeed of a fan (e.g., a fan speed of 56 in a range of values between 0and 100) of the network device 302 (e.g., a fan), a value of sensitivityof a sensor (e.g., a value of 34 in a range of values 0-100) for thenetwork device 304 (e.g., a motion sensor), a value of brightness (e.g.,65 percent brightness) for the network device 306 (e.g., a light bulb),and a value of temperature (e.g. a slow cooker). Although shown ashaving a single indicator for an attribute or a setting related tooperation of a network device, the status display can present aplurality of indicators corresponding to different attributes and/orsettings related to operation of a network device.

In some embodiments, the cache can include other information about anetwork device. The other information can indicate a device's firmwareversion, last known firmware update status, connectivity to cloudstatus, registration status (e.g., whether the network device has a keyor not), and other such information. The cache can include informationthat could be used for troubleshooting. In embodiments described below,the access device 108 can access status information from another otherdevice on the network 400 and can use that information to update its owncache, update the status display, and/or pass the information to thecloud network 114 and/or the gateway 110 for trouble shooting and/orstorage.

Even though each network device may know and store (e.g. in cache) thestate of each other network device within local area network 400, anetwork device may not know when another network device changes status(e.g. turns/powers off). However, network devices and/or access deviceswithin local area network 400 may broadcast/send any updates in itsstatus to other devices on the network. For example, if network device302 changes status, it may send status data to the other networkdevices, such as network devices 304, 306 and 308 and to access device108. However, network device 302 may not know which devices to updatesince the other devices may change statuses periodically (e.g. turnoff).

Therefore, a network or access device may subscribe to another networkor access device within local area network 400. For example, networkdevices 304, 306 and 308 and access device 108 may subscribe to statusdata notifications/updates from network device 302. Such a subscriptionmay be registered for upon initial connection with network device 302when network device 302 first enters local area network 400 or at anyother time after network device 302 has been associated with local areanetwork 400. Subscriptions may be controlled to last indefinitely or mayexpire after a certain predetermined period of time after initialsubscription. However, network devices may re-subscribe to anothernetwork device before or after their previous subscription has expired.

Subscriptions between network device and/or access devices may beregistered, similar to registering a network device upon initialentrance into the local area network, including security registrationsdescribed herein with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 . For example, a networkdevice may send its unique security key, which it may have stored alongwith its network ID after being registered on the network, to a networkdevice to which it wants to subscribe. However, subscriptions may takeon many other forms, including sending a different form ofidentification to a network device to which a network device wants tosubscribe. However, subscriptions may take on many other forms,including sending a different form of identification to a network deviceto which a network device wants to subscribe.

Upon receiving a subscription from another network device or accessdevice, the device being subscribed to may store a list of the devicesthat subscribed to it. For example, network device 302 may store a listof network devices 304, 306 and 308 and access device 108 after thosedevices subscribe to network device 302. Then, when network device 302undergoes a change in status, network device 302 may send that change instatus to only the devices that had previously subscribed to it butwhere the subscription had not yet expired. Furthermore, according tosome embodiments, the subscription list of a network device may beautomatically updated if that device receives notification that anotherdevice has left the range of the local area network, either from thatdevice itself or from a different device. Therefore, the various deviceswithin a given local area network, such as network 400, each containcontinuously updated statuses of each other device on the network andobtain those statuses and updates through direct communication withoutnecessary use of the cloud.

FIG. 5 illustrates an access device 108 that is located remotely fromnetwork 500 (e.g. local area network), according to embodiments of thepresent invention. Local area network 500 includes gateway 110 andnetwork devices 502 and 504 (which may be, for example, the same as anyof network devices 302-308 in FIGS. 3 and 4 ), as shown in FIG. 5 .However, network 500 may also include a variety of other network devicesand one or more access devices directly connected to network 500.Gateway 110 is connected to cloud network 114, and allows networkdevices 502 and 504 to connect to cloud 114, the internet, or otherexternal networks via gateway 110. In some embodiments, the networkdevices 502 and 504 may include home automation devices that allow auser to access, control, and/or configure various home applianceslocated within the user's home, such as a television, radio, light,microwave, iron, and/or the like.

Access device 108 is not directly connected to network 500. Instead,access device 108 is external to network 500 and may connect to cloudnetwork 114 and to network 500 via cloud network 114. As noted, networkdevices 502 and 504 may change status on a periodic basis. In someembodiments, even when external to and not directly connected to network500, an access device may request to check the status of the devices onthe network. When access device 108 seeks to check the status of anydevice on the network, the access device 108 may transmit/send acommunication 536 to the cloud network 114, to which all devices on thenetwork are connected either directly or indirectly via gateway 110.Since the cloud network 114 stores an updated table/list of the statusesof each of the devices within the requesting access device's network,the cloud network 114 may transmit a communication 538 of such statusdata to the access device 108. For example, after network devices 502and 504 are turned on, authenticated and are a part of network 500,network devices 502 and 504 may communicate their statuses to cloudnetwork 114. Furthermore, any time the status of network devices 502 and504 changes, the device that incurred a status change may push/sendinformation (e.g. an indication) of that status change to cloud network114. Cloud network 114 may store, in cache 526 or otherwise, thestatuses (which may be time stamped in metadata or otherwise) of networkdevices 502 and 504. Therefore, when access device 108 requests fromcloud network 114 the statuses of devices on network 500, cloud 114 maysend its most recently stored/updated statuses to access device 108.

To obtain the most updated status data of devices within network 500,cloud 114 may, upon receiving a request for status data related tonetwork devices 502 and 504, transmit/send a communication 532 (e.g.request, query, etc.) for such status data to network devices 502 and504 via gateway 110. Once network devices 502 and 504 receive thisrequest, network devices 502 and 504 may send a communication 534 (e.g.updated status data) to cloud 114 to replace the previouslystored/cached statuses in cache 526. Upon receipt of updated status data534 from network 500, cloud 114 may send a communication 538 of suchstatus data to the access device 108.

However, the process of cloud network 114 requesting updated statusesfrom network devices 502 and 504 within network 500 may cause latencywithin the system. More specifically, the time required for cloudnetwork 114 to request updated statuses from network devices 502 and 504and to in turn receive updated statuses from network devices 502 and 504may be substantially greater than the time required for cloud network114 to send its currently stored statuses (without being updated) fornetwork devices 502 and 504 to access device 108. For example, of thetotal time required for access device 108 to receive updated statusesfrom cloud network 114, 80% or more of that total time may include cloudnetwork 114 requesting updated statuses from network devices 502 and504. On the other hand, of the total time required for access device 108to receive updated statuses from cloud network 114, 20% or more of thattotal time may include the status data being transmitted from cloudnetwork 114 to access device 108. Since a majority of the processrequired for access device 108 to request and receive status data fornetwork devices 502 and 504 is the transmission of data between cloud114 and network devices 502 and 504, the access device 108 and cloudnetwork 114 may maximize efficiency by minimizing the effect of thetransmission of data between cloud 114 and network devices 502 and 504on the whole process/system.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a front view of a network device 600.FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a side view of the network device 600.The network device 600 may include any of the network devices 102, 104,or 106 described herein. In some embodiments, the network device 600 maybe a home automation network device. For example, the network device 600may include a home automation switch that may be coupled with a homeappliance. A user may wirelessly access the network device 600 in orderto access, control, and/or configure various home appliances locatedwithin the user's home. For instance, the user may remotely controlappliances such as a television, radio, light, microwave, iron, spaceheater, wall A/C unit, washer, dryer, fan, and/or the like.

In some embodiments, the network device 600 may include a WiFi enabledswitch that connects home appliances and other electronic devices to acompatible 802.11b/g/n/ac WiFi network. The network device 600 may thusallow users to locally or remotely turn devices on or off from anywhere,program customized notifications, and/or change device status. Thenetwork device 600 may further allow a user to create custom schedulesor have devices respond to sunrise or sunset.

The network device 600 includes an power switch 602 that may bedepressed in order to turn the network device 600 on and off. In someembodiments, a light source may be integrated with or located behind thepower switch. For example, a light-emitting diode (LED) may be locatedon a circuit board under the power button 602. The light source may beilluminated when the network device 600 is powered on, and may not beilluminated when the network device 600 is powered off.

The network device 600 further includes a communications signalindicator 604. The signal indicator 604 may indicate whether the networkdevice 600 has access to a communications signal, such as a WiFi signal.For example, the signal indicator 604 may include a light source (e.g.,a LED) that illuminates when the network device 600 is connected to acommunications signal. The light source may depict different colors orother characteristics (e.g., flashing, dimming, or the like) to indicatedifferent levels of signal strength or mode of operation.

The network device 600 includes a restore button 710. The restore button710 may allow a user to reset the network device 600 to factory defaultsettings. For example, upon being depressed, the restore button 710 maycause all software on the device to be reset to the settings that thenetwork device 600 included when purchased from the manufacturer.

The network device 600 further includes a plug 708 and an outlet 606.The plug 708 allows the network device 600 to be plugged into a wallsocket, such as a socket providing 120V, 220V, or the like. In turn, anappliance may be plugged into the outlet 606. Once the network device600 is registered according to the techniques described above, anappliance plugged into the socket 606 may be controlled by a user usingan access device (e.g., access device 108).

FIG. 8 is an example of a block diagram of the network device 600depicting different hardware and/or software components of the networkdevice 600. As described above with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7 , thenetwork device 600 includes the outlet 606, the plug 708, the powerbutton 602, the restore button 710, and the communications signalindicator 604. The network device 600 also includes light source 828associated with the power button 602. As previously described, the lightsource 828 may be illuminated when the network device 600 is powered on.

The network device 600 further includes a relay 810. The relay 810 is aswitch that controls whether power is relayed from the plug 708 to theoutlet 606. The relay 810 may be controlled either manually using thepower button 602 or remotely using wireless communication signals. Forexample, when the power button 602 is in an ON position, the relay 810may be closed so that power is relayed from the plug 708 to the outlet606. When the power button 602 is in an OFF position, the relay 810 maybe opened so that current is unable to flow from the plug 708 to theoutlet 606. As another example, an application or program running on anaccess device may transmit a signal that causes the relay 810 to beopened or closed. For instance, an access application may display agraphical interface on the access device that includes a power button.The user may tap or otherwise select the power button, and the accessapplication may send a communication signal (e.g., over a WiFi network)to the network device 600 instructing the network device 600 to open orclose the relay 810.

The network device 600 further includes flash memory 820 and dynamicrandom access memory (DRAM) 822. The flash memory 820 may be used tostore instructions or code relating to an operating system, one or moreapplications, and any firmware. The flash memory 820 may includenonvolatile memory so that any firmware or other program can be canupdated. In the event the network device 600 loses power, informationstored in the flash memory 820 may be retained. The DRAM 822 may storevarious other types of information needed to run the network device 600,such as all runtime instructions or code.

The network device 600 further includes a CPU/Radio 818. The CPU/Radio818 controls the operations of the network device 600. For example, theCPU/Radio 818 may execute various applications or programs stored in theflash memory 820 and/or the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) 822. TheCPU/Radio 818 may also receive input from the various hardware andsoftware components, interpret the input, and perform one or morefunctions in response to the input. As one example, the CPU/Radio 818may determine whether the power button 602 has been pressed, anddetermines whether the relay 810 needs to be opened or closed. TheCPU/Radio 818 may further perform all communications functions in orderto allow the network device 600 to communicate with other networkdevices, one or more gateways, a cloud network, and/or one or moreaccess devices. While the CPU and radio of the network device 600 areshown to be combined in the CPU/Radio 818, one of ordinary skill in theart will appreciate that, in some embodiments, the CPU and radio may beseparately located within the network device 600. For example, CPUcircuitry may be situated at a separate location on a circuit board fromthe location of radio circuitry, the CPU circuitry may be located on adifferent circuit board from the radio circuitry, or the like. Further,the network device 600 may include multiple radios that are configuredto communicate using one or more communication protocols, such as anycombination of a WiFi™ transceiver radio, a Bluetooth™ transceiverradio, a Zigbee™ transceiver radio, a UWB transceiver radio, aWiFi-Direct transceiver radio, a BLE transceiver radio, and/or any otherwireless network transceiver radio or interface. In some embodiments,the network device 600 does not include a cellular network transceiverradio or interface, and thus may not be configured to directlycommunicate with a cellular network. In some embodiments, the networkdevice 600 may include a cellular network transceiver radio, and may beconfigured to communicate with a cellular network using the cellularnetwork transceiver radio.

The network device 600 may communicate with other devices and/ornetworks via antenna 824. For example, antenna 824 may include a 2.4 GHzantenna, a 5 GHz antenna, or the like, that can transmit and receiveWiFi communications signals. The network device 600 may include othertypes of antennas that can communicate Bluetooth® signals, Zigbee®signals, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals, WiFi-Direct signals, BLE signals,and/or the like. In some embodiments, the antenna 824 may be configuredto communicate different types of signals, such as the WiFi signals,Bluetooth® signals, Zigbee® signals, UWB signals, WiFi-Direct signals,BLE signals, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the network device600 may include multiple antennas for communicating the different typesof communication signals. As one example, the network device 600 mayinclude both a 2.4 GHz antenna and a 5 GHz antenna.

The network device 600 further includes a driver 816, a switching powersupply 812, and a voltage regulator 814. The driver 816 may includeinstructions or code that can be used to translate control signals orcommands received from applications running on the DRAM 822 to commandsthat the various hardware components in the network device 600 canunderstand. In some embodiments, the driver 816 may include an ambientapplication running on the DRAM 822. The switching power supply 812 maybe used to transfer power from the outlet in which the plug 708 isconnected to the various loads of the network device 600 (e.g.,CPU/Radio 818). The switching power supply 812 may efficiently convertthe voltage and current characteristics of the electrical power to alevel that is appropriate for the components of the network device 600.For example, the switching power supply 812 may perform AC-DCconversion. In some embodiments, the switching power supply 812 may beused to control the power that is relayed from the plug 708 to theoutlet 606. The voltage regulator 814 may be used to convert the voltageoutput from the switching power supply 812 to a lower voltage usable bythe CPU/Radio 818. For example, the voltage regulator 814 may regulatethe DC voltage from 5V to 3.3V.

In various embodiments, functions may be stored as one or morecomputer-program products, such as instructions or code, in anon-transitory machine-readable storage medium, such as the flash memory820 and/or the DRAM 822. The network device 600 can also comprisesoftware elements (e.g., located within the memory), including, forexample, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries,and/or other code, such as one or more application programs, which maycomprise computer programs implementing the functions provided byvarious embodiments, and/or may be designed to implement methods and/orconfigure systems, as described herein. Merely by way of example, one ormore procedures described with respect to the processes discussed above,for example as described with respect to FIG. 2 , may be implemented ascode and/or instructions executable by a computer (and/or a processorwithin a computer); in an aspect, then, such code and/or instructionscan be used to configure and/or adapt a computer (or other device) toperform one or more operations in accordance with the described methods.Such functions or code may include code to perform the steps describedabove with respect to FIG. 2 . The memory, such as the flash memory 820and/or the DRAM 822, may be a processor-readable memory and/or acomputer-readable memory that stores software code (programming code,instructions, etc.) configured to cause a processor(s) within theCPU/Radio 818 to perform the functions described. In other embodiments,one or more of the functions described may be performed in hardware.

A set of these instructions and/or code might be stored on anon-transitory machine-readable storage medium, such as the flash memory820 and/or the DRAM 822. In some cases, the storage medium might beincorporated within a computer system, such as the CPU/Radio 818. Inother embodiments, the storage medium might be separate from a computersystem (e.g., a removable medium, such as a compact disc), and/orprovided in an installation package, such that the storage medium can beused to program, configure and/or adapt a computer with theinstructions/code stored thereon. These instructions might take the formof executable code, which is executable by the network device 600 and/ormight take the form of source and/or installable code, which, uponcompilation and/or installation on the network device 600 (e.g., usingcompilers, installation programs, compression/decompression utilities,etc.) then takes the form of executable code.

It should be appreciated that the network device 600 may have othercomponents than those depicted in FIGS. 6-8 . Further, the embodimentshown in the figures are only one example of a network device that mayincorporate an embodiment of the invention. In some other embodiments,network device 600 may have more or fewer components than shown in thefigure, may combine two or more components, or may have a differentconfiguration or arrangement of components.

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a local area network 900 includinga network device 902 that includes an appliance 950. The network device902 can comprise an interface device 904 and the appliance 950 connectedby an appliance interface 908. The appliance interface 908 can include adata connection 918 and a power connection 916. The data connection 918can be a serial connection (e.g., RS-232, USB, or other), or any othersuitable data connection. The interface device 904 can be fully poweredby the appliance 902 through the power connection 916, or can have aseparate source of power.

The appliance 950 can be any suitable electric device, such as a crockpot, space heater, an iron, a washing machine, a dishwasher, a lamp, aradio, a computer, an amplifier, or another electrical device.Additional examples of suitable electrical devices include electricaldevices incorporated into or with non-electrical devices, such as anactuator system in an electrically-actuated deadbolt, a sensing systemin a seat cushion, or other suitable electrical device incorporated intoor with a non-electrical device. The appliance 950 can be adapted tooperate with the interface device 904. The appliance 950 can be anyfinite state machine. The appliance 950 can, but need not, know or storeone or more states related to the appliance. For example, the appliance950 may know or store data related to whether the appliance 950 isturned on, how long the appliance has been on (or off), among otherstatus data.

The interface device 904 can be positioned within the housing of theappliance 950, or can be attached externally to the appliance 950. Theinterface device 904 can be removable from the appliance 950, or can bepermanently installed in or on the appliance 950.

The interface device 904 can be connected to the local area network 900through a network interface. The interface device 904 can be connectedby a wired or wireless connection (e.g., WiFi, Zigbee, or othersdescribed herein or well known). In some embodiments, the interfacedevice 904 can be connected directly to the cloud network 114 through acellular internet connection (e.g., EDGE, LTE, or others).

The interface device 904 can communicate with another network device, anaccess device 108, or another client device through the networkinterface 906. The interface device 904 can transmit a statusinformation signal 910 with status information to the access device 108,and the access device 108 can transmit a network device control signal912 to the interface device 904. The status information signal 910 andthe network device control signal 912 can be transmitted between theinterface device 904 and the access device 108 using atelecommunications network (e.g., a cellular network, or other suitablebroadband network), using a local area network 900 (e.g., through agateway 110), or using the cloud network 114, although such a signal maypass through an intermediary device or network to do so.

The interface device 904 can interpret the network device control signal912 and perform actions based on the contents of the network devicecontrol signal 912. The network device control signal 912 can includecommands that can be performed by the interface device 904 itself. Thenetwork device control signal 912 can also include commands that are tobe performed by the appliance 950. Commands that are to be performed bythe appliance 950 can include commands like turn on or off, set adesired temperature (e.g., heat up or cool down to 215° F. or any othertemperature), or other suitable commands depending on the particularappliance. The interface device 904 can interpret the network devicecontrol signal 912 and can send out a command 922, through the dataconnection 918 of the appliance interface 908, based on the networkdevice control signal 912. The appliance 950 can then perform thecommand indicated in the network device control signal 912.

The interface device 904 can also transmit commands to the appliance 950that are not based on a network device control signal received from theaccess device 108, but are rather based on programming in the interfacedevice 904. Examples of such commands can include commands to update acommunication rate, commands to check a state of the appliance 950,commands to set or get a clock time of the appliance 950, or any othersuitable commands.

The interface device 904 can receive, through the data connection 918 ofthe appliance interface 908, a response (e.g., response 920) to anycommand from the appliance 950. In some examples, the response 920 caninclude an indication that the command 922 was received. In someexamples, the response may include only an indication that a command isreceived (e.g., an ACK). In some examples, the response 920 can includeinformation for some value on the appliance 950, such as an “on/off”state, a serial number, a product identification, a manufactureridentification, a temperature, a time since live, a setting, or anyother value retrievable from the appliance 950. The interface device 904can interpret the value and can send information about the value (e.g.,the state of the appliance is “on,” the temperature of the appliance,the time since the appliance first turned on, or other information) asstatus information (e.g. using status information signal 910) to theaccess device 108. Additionally, the interface device 904 can sendstatus information about itself (e.g., time since live, supplied power,signal strength, and others) as status information (e.g. using statusinformation signal 910) to the access device 108.

The interface device 904 can also use responses (e.g., response 920)from the appliance 950 to perform additional functions at the interfacedevice 904, such as error handling. In some cases, when performing theadditional functions, the interface device 904 does not transmit anystatus information 910 to the access device 108 based on thoseparticular responses.

The access device 108 can include one or more display tiles (e.g.,display tile 914) for displaying information and controls correspondingto the network device 102.

In some embodiments, the interface device 904 can transmit a heartbeatcommand (e.g., command 922) over the data connection 918 to theappliance 902 to determine whether the appliance 950 is working properlyand/or in a state of readiness. If the interface device 904 determinesthat the appliance 950 has had some sort of failure (e.g., the appliance950 sends a response 920 indicating a failure or the interface device904 does not receive any response 920), the interface device 904 cantake corrective action (e.g., restarting the appliance 950 or an elementof the appliance 950), can log the event, or can alert the user).

FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of a network device including aninterface device 904 attached to an appliance 950 according to oneembodiment. The interface device 904 can include connector 1012 thatinteracts with connector 1032 of the appliance 950.

The interface device 904 can include flash memory 1004 and dynamicrandom access memory (DRAM) 1006. The flash memory 1004 may be used tostore instructions or code relating to an operating system, one or moreapplications, and any firmware. The flash memory 1004 can be used tostore a cache. The flash memory 1004 may include nonvolatile memory sothat any firmware or other program can be can updated. In the event theinterface device 904 loses power, information stored in the flash memory1004 may be retained. The DRAM 1006 may store various other types ofinformation needed to run the interface device 904, such as all runtimeinstructions or code. The flash memory 1004 or DRAM 1006 or acombination thereof may include all instructions necessary tocommunicate with an appliance 950, including all instructions necessaryto communicate using the appliance serial protocol disclosed herein.

The interface device 904 further includes a CPU/Radio 1002. TheCPU/Radio 1002 can control the operations of the interface device 904.For example, the CPU/Radio 1002 may execute various applications orprograms stored in the flash memory 1004 and/or the dynamic randomaccess memory (DRAM) 1006. The CPU/Radio 1002 may also receive inputfrom the appliance 950, interpret the input, and perform one or morefunctions in response to the input. The CPU/Radio 1002 may furtherperform all communications functions in order to allow the interfacedevice 904 to communicate with other network devices, one or moregateways, a cloud network, and/or one or more access devices. Theinterface device 904 may communicate with other devices and/or networksvia antenna 1026. For example, antenna 1026 may include a 2.4 GHzantenna that can transmit and receive WiFi communications signals 1028.The antenna 1026 may include other types of antennas that cancommunicate Bluetooth® signals, Zigbee® signals, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)signals, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the interface device 904may include multiple antennas for communicating different types ofcommunication signals.

The CPU/Radio 1002 can include at least one universal asynchronousreceiver/transmitter (UART) 1010. The CPU/Radio 903 can use the UART1010 to send and receive serial communications. The CPU/Radio 903 cansend data through a transmit line 1022 and a receive data through areceive line 1024. The CPU/Radio 903 can send and receive data throughthe transmit line 1022 and receive line 1024 using a serial protocol,such as RS232. The CPU/Radio 1002 can also include an input/output(GPIO) line 1014, a restore line 1016, an LED 1 line 1018, and an LED 2line 1020. The CPU/Radio 1002 can have additional or fewer lines asnecessary. The GPIO line 1014 can be used for any suitable function,such as powering an indicator light on an appliance 950 or accepting aninput from the appliance 950. A signal sent on the restore line 1016 canbe used to restore the CPU/Radio 1002 and/or the interface device 904 tofactory defaults. The LED 1 line 1018 and LED 2 line 1020 can be used topower first and second LEDs that can be used to indicate variousstatuses, such as whether the interface device has a network connectionand whether the interface device is powered on.

The interface device 904 further includes a voltage regulator 1008. Thevoltage regulator 1008 may be used to convert the voltage output fromthe appliance 950 to a voltage usable by the CPU/Radio 1002. Forexample, the voltage regulator 1008 may regulate the DC voltage from 5Vto 3.3V. The voltage regulator 1008 can be supplied with power from apower line 1030.

Each of the interface lines, including the GPIO line 1014, the restoreline 1016, the LED 1 line 1018, the LED 2 line 1020, the transmit line1022, the receive line 1024, the power line 1030, and any additionallines, can be routed through connector 1012. Connector 1012 can be aproprietary or universal connector. Any appliance 950 to which theinterface device 904 is attached through the connector 1012 can have thenecessary hardware to make use of the interface lines, such as toprovide power to the power line 1030 and to provide the first and secondLEDs that are driven by the LED 1 line 1018 and LED 2 line 1020.

In alternate embodiments, some interface lines are not routed throughthe connector 1012. For example, the power line 1030 can be routed to apower supply attached directly to the interface device 904, and the LED1 line 1018 and LED 2 line 1020 can be routed to first and second LEDslocated within the interface device 904.

In various embodiments, functions may be stored as one or moreinstructions or code in memory, such as the flash memory 1004 and/or theDRAM 1006. The interface device 904 can also comprise software elements(e.g., located within the memory), including, for example, an operatingsystem, device drivers, executable libraries, and/or other code, such asone or more application programs, which may comprise computer programsimplementing the functions provided by various embodiments, and/or maybe designed to implement methods and/or configure systems, as describedherein. Merely by way of example, one or more procedures described withrespect to the processes discussed below may be implemented as codeand/or instructions executable by a computer (and/or a processor withina computer); in an aspect, then, such code and/or instructions can beused to configure and/or adapt a device (e.g. a specialty computer) toperform one or more operations in accordance with the described methods.Such functions or code may include code to perform various stepsdescribed below. The memory, such as the flash memory 1004 and/or theDRAM 1006, may be a processor-readable memory and/or a computer-readablememory that stores software code (programming code, instructions, etc.)configured to cause a processor(s) within the CPU/Radio 1002 to performthe functions described. In other embodiments, one or more of thefunctions described may be performed in hardware.

A set of these instructions and/or code might be stored on acomputer-readable storage medium, such as the flash memory 1004 and/orthe DRAM 1006. In some cases, the storage medium might be incorporatedwithin a computer system, such as the CPU/Radio 1002. In otherembodiments, the storage medium might be separate from a computer system(e.g., a removable medium, such as a compact disc), and/or provided inan installation package, such that the storage medium can be used toprogram, configure and/or adapt a device (e.g. a computer) with theinstructions/code stored thereon. These instructions might take the formof executable code, which is executable by the interface device 904and/or might take the form of source and/or installable code, which,upon compilation and/or installation on the interface device 904 (e.g.,using any of a variety of compilers, installation programs,compression/decompression utilities, etc.) then takes the form ofexecutable code.

Substantial variations may be made in accordance with specificrequirements. For example, customized hardware might also be used,and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software(including portable software, such as applets, etc.), or both. Further,connection to other access or computing devices such as networkinput/output devices may be employed.

The interface device 904 may have other components than those depictedin FIG. 10 . Further, the embodiment shown in the figures are only oneexample of an interface device that may incorporate an embodiment of theinvention. In some other embodiments, interface device 904 may have moreor fewer components than shown in the figure, may combine two or morecomponents, or may have a different configuration or arrangement ofcomponents.

The appliance 950 can have a processor 1034. The processor 1034 can be amicrocontroller, such as a Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC). Theappliance 950 can include a memory 1036 (e.g., a flash memory or other)that is readable by the processor 1034. The memory 1036 can includeinstructions enabling the innate functionality of the appliance 950,such as heating and timing for a crock pot.

The appliance 950 can include a user interface 1038. The user interface1038 can provide buttons, displays, LEDs, knobs, and other input andoutput elements necessary for a user to interact with the appliance 950.For example, a user interface 1038 for a slow cooker can include adisplay, a power button, a temperature adjustment button, and a startbutton. The user interface 1038 can be driven and/or monitored by theprocessor 1034. In some embodiments, the appliance 950 is “headless” orhas no user interface 1038.

The appliance 950 can include a power supply 1040 that can provide powerto the voltage regulator 1038 of the interface device 904 throughconnector 1032, connector 1012, and power line 1030.

The appliance 950 can include an interface device user interfaceextension 1042. The interface device user interface extension 1042 caninclude various input and output elements that are passed directly tothe interface device 904 without being processed by the processor 1034.Examples of input and output elements of the interface device userinterface extension 1042 include LEDs associated with the LED 1 line1018 and LED 2 line 1020, a hardware restore button associated with therestore line 1016, or any other suitable input/output element.

An environment, such as a house, can include power switches, poweroutlets, light fixtures, light switches, fans, appliances, and othersuitable devices. These devices are generally positioned at a locationthat can be considered as ideal real estate within the environment. Forexample, a house can include many light switches (e.g., one or morelight switches in every room), which are located at convenient positionsfor user interaction (e.g., near doors, at a particular height,unobstructed by furniture or other objects, and the like). Lightswitches are also supplied with power from a power source throughelectrical wiring, providing constant power to the light switches.However, traditional light switches provide simple functionality, suchas turning a device on and off, and lack the ability to conductintelligent, contextual functions that can take advantage of the realestate and constant power supply associated with the light switches.Similarly, power outlets, light fixtures, appliances, and other devicesin an environment do not take advantage of their locations in anenvironment to provide intelligent, contextual functionality.

FIG. 11 is an overhead schematic diagram illustrating an environment1100 including a contextual intelligence system according to certainaspects of the present disclosure. The contextual intelligence systemcan include networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116. In some examples,the contextual intelligence system can also include the server 1202described with regard to FIG. 12 below. The networked devices 1112,1114, and 1116 can be located in the environment 1100. Environment 1100can be one or more spatial regions, open or enclosed. Examples ofregions of an environment 1100 can include a room in a house, a kitchen,a backyard, a sun room, a den, or other locations. Environment 1100 caninclude a living room 1102 and kitchen 1104 of a house. The kitchen 1104can be separated from living room 1102 by wall 1106. Kitchen 1104 caninclude table 1120 and wall 1118. Networked device 1112 can be locatedon wall 1106 and can be facing living room 1102. Networked device 1114can also be located on wall 1106, on the other side of a door, but canbe facing kitchen 1104. Networked device 1116 can be located on wall1118 and can be facing kitchen 1104.

Networked device 1112, 1114, and 1116 can be devices with networkingcapabilities. Examples of networked devices 1112, 1114, 1116 can includesmoke detectors, light fixtures, power outlets, light switches, phones,web-cameras, computers, and other network-connected devices. FIG. 11illustrates an example in which networked device 1112 is a light switchthat has been configured to communicate with networked devices 1114 and1116 over one or more networks (e.g., a private local area networkproviding a Wi-Fi connection, a personal area network, a short rangenetwork such as Bluetooth, Zigbee or the like, or other suitablenetwork). Further, FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which networkeddevice 1114 is also a network-configured light switch and networkeddevice 1116 is a network-connected power outlet (e.g., as shown in FIG.18 ). Networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can include networkadapters that facilitate a wireless connection to other devices. Forexample, networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can communicate witheach other or with other devices (e.g., television 1110). In some cases,one or more networked devices are wirelessly connected to othernetworked devices, and one or more networked devices are not wirelesslyconnected to other networked devices. In some examples, networkeddevices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can communicate with each other (or otherdevices, such as television 1110) over communication links 1122, 1124,and 1126. It will be appreciated that the present disclosure is notlimited to these examples and that networked devices 1112, 1114, and1116 can be any combination of network-connected or network-connectabledevices.

In some examples, networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can alsoinclude one or more sensors. Examples of sensors that can be included innetworked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 include at least one of amicrophone, a speaker, a video camera, a pressure sensor, a motionsensor, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, an optical sensor, and othersensors. In one illustrative example, the networked device 1112 is anetwork-connected light switch that includes a microphone and a camera,the networked device 1114 is a network-connected light switch thatincludes a microphone and a camera, and the networked device 1116 is anetwork-connected power outlet that includes a camera. The video cameraof networked device 1112 can have a field of view 1113, the video cameraof networked device 1114 can have a field of view 1115, and the videocamera of networked device 1116 can have a field of view 1117. It willbe appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to theseexamples, and that networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can includeother types of network-connected devices and can include any combinationof sensors.

In some examples, communication links 1122, 1124, and 1126 canfacilitate transfer of data packets between networked devices 1112,1114, and 1116, and the communication link 1128 can facilitate transferof data packets between networked device 1112 and television 1110. Forexample, the communication links can include Bluetooth or Bluetooth LowEnergy channels, Near Field Communication (NFC) channels, Wi-Fichannels, Radio-frequency identification (RFID) channels, Zigbeechannels, ANT channels, or any other suitable channels.

Living room 1102 can include user 1108 sitting on a couch 1109. Actionsof the user 1108 can cause various sounds, which are received atmicrophones of networked devices 1112 and 1114 as audio data. Forexample, if user 1108 is reading a book, the turning of pages can causea sound. The movement of user 1108 on the couch can also cause a sound,which is received at networked device 1112 (e.g., a network-connectedlight switch with a microphone). In another example, user 1108 can betalking on a phone. Due to the physical attributes of audio propagationin living room 1102, both networked devices 1112 and 1114 (and possiblynetworked device 1116) can receive audio signals associated with soundscaused by user 1108. For example, if user 1108 is speaking on a phone inliving room 1102, networked device 1112 (e.g., a network-connected lightswitch with a microphone) can receive an audio signal associated withspoken words of user 1108. Networked device 1114 can also receive anaudio signal associated with the words spoken by the user 1108, however,the audio signal received at networked device 1114 may be attenuated(e.g., having a lower amplitude of sound intensity) as compared to theaudio signal received at networked device 1112.

Accordingly, a contextual intelligence system can determine which roomuser 1108 is located in by comparing a parameter of an audio signalreceived at networked device 1112 with a parameter of an audio signalreceived at networked device 1114. The parameter can include anycharacteristic of the audio signal that can be used to identify alocation or other context of the user. In one example, the parameter caninclude an intensity amplitude of the audio signal. In such an example,by determining that the amplitude of the audio signal received atnetworked device 1112 (which is facing living room 1102) is larger thanthe amplitude of the audio signal received at networked device 1114(which is facing kitchen 1104), the contextual intelligence system candetermine that user 1108 is in living room 1102, and not located inkitchen 1104. Other examples of parameters are provided herein.

In some examples, networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can interactwith other devices (e.g., television 1110) using the locationdetermination of user 1108. For example, user 1108 can speak a command(e.g., “Turn on the TV”). Audio signals associated with the command maybe received at the microphones of networked devices 1112 and 1114.Networked devices 1112 and 1114 can each independently analyze thereceived audio signals. For example, networked device 1112 can calculatea parameter of the audio signal received at networked device 1112, andnetworked device 1114 can also calculate a parameter of the audio signalreceived at networked device 1114. Examples of parameters may include anaverage amplitude over a period of time, an average power value over aperiod of time, a time of an intensity peak, signal-to-noise ratio,power of a noise signal, or any other parameter that can be used toidentify a location or other context of the source of the audio signal.Further, networked device 1112 can communicate with networked device1114, and vice versa.

In some examples, networked devices 1112 and 1114 can transmit messagesto each other. The messages can include the parameter calculated at eachnetworked device. For example, when networked device 1112 receives amessage from networked device 1114, which includes the parametercalculated at networked device 1114, networked device 1112 can comparethe parameter calculated at networked device 1112 with the receivedparameter from networked device 1114. A similar process can be performedat networked device 1114. Networked device 1112 can select a parameterof the two parameters (the parameter calculated at networked device 1112or the parameter received from networked device 1114) using a condition.In one example of a condition, networked device 1112 can select thelargest parameter (e.g., largest amplitude) of the two parameters. Inanother example of a condition, networked device 1112 can select thelowest parameter (e.g. lowest noise) of the two parameters. One ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other conditions mayexist, such as whether the frequency band of the audio signal is low orhigh (e.g., a low frequency bad can indicate that a dryer machine iscurrently operating), the audio intensity is within a particular range,the time of a peak audio intensity, and other suitable conditions. Thecondition can be the same for both networked devices 1112 and 1114. Insome examples, after selecting a parameter, networked devices 1112 and1114 can identify a networked device associated with the selectedparameter. For example, networked devices 1112 and 1114 can eachidentify that the audio signal with the largest amplitude corresponds tothe audio signal received by the microphone of networked device 1112. InFIG. 11 , networked device 1112 receives an audio signal with a largerintensity amplitude than the audio signal received at networked device1114 because networked device 1112 is located closer to user 1108 (e.g.,the source of the sound).

The networked device identified as having the largest parameter can beidentified as a master networked device. In some examples, the masternetworked device can serve as a target-reference device with respect tocommands spoken by user 1108. For example, the contextual intelligencesystem can determine that networked device 1112 is the master networkeddevice because networked device 1112 is located in the same room as user1108 or because the networked device 1112 is located closest to the user1108 as compared to other networked devices. Further, the contextualintelligence system can identify devices associated with the masternetworked device. For example, in FIG. 11 , the contextual intelligencesystem can identify target devices or locations (also referred to asend-point devices or locations) associated with networked device 1112because networked device 1112 was determined to be the master networkeddevice. In this example, television 1110 can be identified as a deviceassociated with networked device 1112 because television 1110 is locatedin the same room as networked device 1112. Accordingly, if user 1108speaks a command to interact with a device (e.g., “Turn on the TV”), thecontextual intelligence system can identify which device or devices user1108 is referring to. For example, when user 1108 speaks the command“Turn on the TV,” the contextual intelligence system can identify thatuser 1108 is referring to television 1110, as opposed to any othertelevision in the house, because the contextual intelligence system hasidentified that networked device 1112 is located closest to television1110. As a result, user 1108 does not have to specifically identifywhich TV user 1108 is referring to in the command because the contextualintelligence system can identify the targeted device (i.e., television1110) contextually from the audio information received at networkeddevices 1112 and 1114. Such a contextual intelligence system does notrequire a user to pre-define names or other characteristics of targetdevices so the target devices can be controlled. For example, in theevent a user has two televisions in two rooms, the user does not have toname one television a first name and the other television a second name.Rather, the contextual intelligence system can determine which targetdevice is being referred to by the user based on the context of thecommand from the user.

In some examples, when one networked device has been identified as themaster networked device, the other networked devices that are not themaster networked device can trigger a suspended status. For example, thesuspended status can indicate that the networked device is notassociated with the target location or target device. When a command isreceived at a networked device that has triggered the suspended status,the networked device does not perform the task associated with thecommand. However, with certain commands (e.g., “Turn off all of thelights in the house”), all networked devices, including the networkeddevices in suspended status, can process the command. For example, amaster networked device can forward messages containing instructions toother networked devices in the environment. When a command (e.g., “Turnoff all of the lights in the house”) is spoken by a user, the masternetworked device can forward a message including an instruction (e.g.,an instruction to turn off all lights) to the other networked devices.The other networked devices can comply with the instruction when themessage is received. In another example, the master networked device canforward an instruction message to another specific networked device. Forexample, a networked coffee machine can be located in a kitchen with anetworked light switch, and the master networked device can be anetworked power outlet in a bedroom of the user. If the user is locatedin the bedroom and speaks the command “Turn on the coffee machine,” themaster networked device can forward an instruction message to thenetworked light switch in the kitchen. The networked device in thekitchen can then control the networked coffee machine according to theinstruction message.

In some embodiments, the contextual intelligence system can identify auser's voice or other audio characteristic of the user based on a soundsignature. For example, when user 1108 speaks, the contextualintelligence system can identify that it is the user 1108 that isspeaking (as opposed to other users) based on a sound signature detectedin the voice of user 1108. In some examples, the sound signature can bepre-programmed during installation of the contextual intelligencesystem. For example, a sound signature can include a specific audio waveassociated with the voice of user 1108. Other examples of audiocharacteristics can include a pattern of sharp peaks in the audiointensity (e.g., representing shoes or stilettos walking on a hardwoodsurface), a low frequency audio wave (e.g., representing a soundassociated with the operation of a dryer or washing machine), a specificpattern of an audio wave representing noises external to a house (e.g.,indicating that a window has been left open), a specific pattern of adog barking (e.g., representing that a dog is near a networked device),and other suitable audio characteristics.

In some embodiments, the contextual intelligence system can personalizecharacteristics of a room, a device, or other location to a user'spreferences when the contextual intelligence system identifies that user1108 is located in a particular room. For example, when user 1108 walksinto living room 1102 and emits a sound (e.g., laughter, a voicecommand, a conversation), the contextual intelligence system canidentify user 1108 based on one or more sound signatures. As an example,the contextual intelligence system can then change one or morecharacteristics of the room to preferences set by the user 1108 orlearned by the contextual intelligence system. For example, when theuser 1108 is identified, the contextual intelligence system can changethe temperature or lighting of the room to match preferences of the user1108. It will be appreciated that other settings of the room can bechanged (e.g., music settings, television settings, or any othercharacteristic of the room). It will also be appreciated that settingsof one or more devices can be changed based on user preferences (e.g.,settings of a music device, settings of a television, or any otherdevice in communication with a networked device of the contextualintelligence system). The contextual intelligence system can alsomaintain setting preferences for multiple users. For example, user 1108can be in living room 1102 and another user can be in kitchen 1104. Thecontextual intelligence system can change the settings of living room1102 based on preferences of the user 1108, and can change the settingsof kitchen 1104 based on the preferences of the other user.

While FIG. 11 illustrates a house including networked devices 1112,1114, and 1116, it will be appreciated that any number of networkeddevices can be included in environment 1100. Additionally, networkeddevices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can be used in any suitable environment1100. For example, networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can be locatedin a venue other than a house. A venue can include any indoor or outdoorlocation in which networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can beinstalled.

It will also be appreciated that the contextual intelligence system canidentify a room in which a networked device detects the absence ofsound. For example, a networked device located in a particular room candetermine that no sound has been detected for a period of time. Thecontextual intelligence system can interact with target devices based onthe absence of sound detected by the networked device. For example, thenetworked device can transmit a control message that controls the airconditioning to turn off because no users are likely to be in the room.As another example, if a networked device located in a kitchen detectsthe absence of sound for a period of time, and if the stove top is on ahigh setting, the networked device can contextually identify that thestove top was unintentionally left on high. The networked device in thekitchen can then transmit a control message to the stove top to turn offthe stove top.

It will also be appreciated that the contextual intelligence system caninteract with target devices based on whether a networked device detectsa sound of a particular wavelength or wavelength range. For example, ifa networked device detects that a violin is being played by the user,the networked device can communicate with light fixtures in the roomwith the user to change the light setting so that it highlights a standwith sheets of music. In another example, if a networked device detectsa sound associated with cheering, the networked device can communicatewith one or more speakers in the room to change the settings of the oneor more speakers to a surround sound setting.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contextual intelligencesystem 1200 according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.Contextual intelligence system 1200 can include networked device 1112, awireless gateway 1206, a network 1204, a server 1202, and target devices1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214. Contextual intelligence system 1200 canfacilitate the identification of a target location or a target device.While any number of networked devices can be used in contextualintelligence system 1200, as a non-limiting example, networked device1112 is illustrated in FIG. 12 . Further, while networked devices cancommunicate with each other (as illustrated in FIG. 11 ), networkeddevices can also communicate with target devices. For example, networkeddevice 1112 can communicate with target devices 1208, 1210, 1212, and1214.

Networked device 1112 can be a battery-operated device that hasnetworking capabilities. In some cases, networked device 1112 caninclude rechargeable batteries that are capable of being reused orrecharged. For example, the rechargeable batteries can includelithium-ion batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, zinc-cerium batteries, orany other rechargeable battery. The rechargeable batteries can berecharged using direct electrical contacts with a power source (e.g., anadapter connected to a wall outlet or electrical contacts coupled toline power). The rechargeable batteries can also be wirelesslyrecharged, such as using inductive charging techniques. The inductivecharging techniques can include transferring energy from a chargingstation or device to networked devices 1112 through an inductivecoupling. Other wireless charging techniques can be used. In some cases,a rechargeable self-contained power source other than a battery can beused in place of a battery, such as a super capacitor.

In some cases, networked device 1112 can be a light switch device havingnetworking capabilities. In addition, networked device 1112 can includea microphone, video camera, and one or more speakers. The light switchnetworked device 1112 can be located on a wall, for example, near a doorfor entering or exiting a building. The light switch networked device1112 can be positioned so as to receive sounds without obstruction. Forexample, the light switch networked device 1112 can be positioned sothat there is no furniture obstructing a path of sound to a microphoneof the light switch networked device 1112. Further, a light switchnetworked device 1112 can be located in every room of a house. The lightswitch networked device 1112 can also be connected to electrical wiringso that it is constantly connected to a power source. The soundsreceived at the light switch networked device 1112 can be converted toan audio signal and analyzed or processed at a processor included in thelight switch networked device 1112. In another example, the audio signalcan be transmitted to server 1202 using wireless gateway 1206 andnetwork 1204. The networked device 1112 can be connected to the wirelessgateway 1206 using a wired and/or wireless connection. Other examples ofnetworked device 1112 can include a power outlet, a smoke detector, alight fixture, an alarm system, an air conditioning unit, or otherdevice (each having networking capabilities).

Network 1204 can include one or more networks connected to wirelessgateway 1206. For example, network 1204 can include a remotely-locatedcloud network. Further, network 1204 can include one or more privatenetworks, one or more public networks, or any combination thereof.Network 1204 can also include one or more servers that can facilitatevarious aspects of the contextual intelligence system 1200. For example,network 1204 can include server 1202. Server 1202 can be one or moreservers that can facilitate the automatic and intelligent identificationof a target location or target device using the audio signals generatedat the networked devices. Any analysis or processing of an audio signalreceived at a networked device can include analysis or processing ofrelated data (e.g., a video signal received at a video camera includedin the networked device).

For example, server 1202 can analyze audio signals received from gateway1206 or networked device 1112 and sent to the server 1202. In somecases, server 1202 can perform audio feature or phoneme detectionanalysis on audio signals received at networked devices (e.g., networkeddevice 1112). A phoneme is a distinct unit of sound in a particularlanguage that can distinguish one word from another. Further, phonemescan be combined to make words. For example, phonemes of the word “sun”can include the sounds of “s,” “u,” and “n.” Audio feature analysis caninclude calculating a confidence score of whether an audio feature(e.g., a voice command) is detected in the audio signal received atnetworked device 1112. Phoneme detection analysis can include detectingparticular phonemes included in the audio signal received at networkeddevice 1112.

Audio analysis can also be performed at the networked devices inaddition to or in lieu of server 1202. Audio analysis performed atnetworked device 1112 can include an analysis of one or more parametersof the audio signal. For example, a parameter can include an averageaudio intensity over a period of time. Other examples of parameters caninclude an audio frequency analysis, an amplitude analysis of the audiosignal, a signal-to-noise ratio calculation, or other noise detectionanalysis.

In some cases, the audio feature or phoneme detection analysis can beperformed at server 1202, whereas, audio propagation analysis can beperformed at networked device 1112. For example, a user near networkeddevice 1112 can speak a command. Server 1202 can receive the audiosignal corresponding to the voice command. Further, server 1202 canperform audio feature detection on the audio signal to identify thecommand spoken by the user. In some cases, audio feature detection canuse significant processing resources. By performing the audio featuredetection at server 1202, the system load of the networked devices canbe substantially improved. In some cases, server 1202 can access one ormore databases storing patterns of audio waveforms that are associatedparticular words. Server 1202 can compare the audio signal of thecommand spoken by the user to the stored patterns to determineconfidence scores of the comparison. Server 1202 can finally formulate aword based on the confidence scores. The word can be further processedto indicate which command was spoken by the user.

In addition, networked device 1112 can receive the audio signalcorresponding to the voice command. Networked device 1112 can analyzethe audio signal to determine an average audio intensity over a periodof time (e.g., a second, a few seconds, 10 seconds, or any othersuitable period of time). Networked device 1112 can also receive averageaudio intensity calculations from other networked devices locatednearby. The other networked devices may have also received an audiosignal corresponding to the voice command. Networked device 1112 cancompare the average audio intensity calculation computed at networkeddevice 1112 with each of the received audio intensity calculations fromother networked devices located nearby. Networked device 1112 canidentify the largest average audio intensity calculation from thecompared calculations to determine which calculation applies to thenetworked device that is nearest to the user speaking the voice command.For example, if networked device 1112 determines that the average audiointensity calculated at networked device 1112 is larger than the averageaudio intensity calculated at other networked devices, networked device1112 can determine that it is the master networked device because it islocated nearest to the user speaking the voice command.

While the examples above include analysis performed by the networkeddevices and the server, in some examples, networked device 1112 canperform all or part of the audio feature detection or phoneme analysisof the audio signal generated at networked device 1112. For example,networked device 1112 can receive a sound (e.g., a voice command emittedby the user) and generate an audio signal corresponding to the receivedsound. Further, networked device 1112 can analyze the generated audiosignal and identify phonemes included in the audio signal. Networkeddevice 1112 can then combine the phonemes to identify a word or phraseincluded in the audio signal.

In further examples, server 1202 can perform all or part of theidentification of the master networked device. For example, networkeddevices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can each receive the same sound andgenerate an audio signal corresponding to the received sound. The audiosignals generated at each of networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 canbe forwarded to server 1202. Server 1202 can perform audio featuredetection to determine the command included in the audio signals.Further, server 1202 can identify which networked device is nearest tothe source of the sound by analyzing audio intensities of the audiosignals.

Networked device 1112 can broadcast that it is the master networkeddevice. Devices associated with networked device 1112 (e.g., targetdevices 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214) can be identified as target devicesbecause these devices are associated with networked device 1112, whichis serving as the master networked device. For example, the voicecommand spoken by the user can apply to the target devices 1208, 1210,1212, and 1214, instead of devices associated with other networkeddevices (e.g., which may be located in other areas of a house).

In some examples, networked device 1112 can be automatically anddynamically associated with target devices 1208, 1210, 1212, 1214. Forexample, networked device 1112 can communicate with nearby devices usinga short-range communication signal (e.g., a Bluetooth signal). In thisexample, networked device 1112 can automatically pair itself to otherBluetooth-enabled devices in the near vicinity. If a user moves aBluetooth enabled device to another area of a house, theBluetooth-enabled device can be automatically paired to anothernetworked device. In other examples, networked device 1112 can beassociated with target devices 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 during aninitialization process. For example, information identifying targetdevices 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 can be registered with networkeddevice 1112 by a user through a user interface associated with thecontextual intelligence system. Examples of information identifying atarget device can include an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a MACaddress, a Bluetooth address, or any other suitable address identifyingthe target device.

In some cases, server 1202 can also analyze video signals received usinggateway 1206. For example, server 1202 can perform face detectionanalysis on video signals received at networked device 1112. Facedetection analysis of the video signal can include calculating aconfidence score of whether a face is detected in the video signal. Theface detection can be of a particular face (e.g., detection of specificfacial characteristics of a particular user) or of a face in general(e.g., detection of eyes, nose, mouth, or other characteristic of aface). Face detection can also include detecting facial expressions,such as a smile, a frown, a neutral face, or other feature. Analyzingthe video signals can also include detecting a body gesture, such as athumbs up, a finger point, a hand wave, or other gesture. Other examplesof analysis can include analysis of audio intensity, image histograms,color intensity, temporal events, spatial events, or other detectablefeatures of the video signal or its metadata.

In other cases, any video signal analysis (e.g., face detection, gesturedetection, and the like) can be performed at the networked devices. Forexample, networked device 1112 can capture real-time video and generatea corresponding video signal. The video signal can be stored in astorage device of the networked device 1112. In this example, networkeddevice 1112 can perform one or more analysis techniques on the real-timevideo signal. Further, networked device 1112 can identify the userincluded in the video signal and determine an interaction to beperformed. For example, networked device 1112 can transmit a signal toan air conditioning unit controlling the room temperature to atemperature preferred by the detected user.

In addition, server 1202 can transmit various audio or video files totarget devices 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 when a command is receivedfrom a user to play the audio or video files on one of the devices 1208,1210, 1212, or 1214. For example, a video file can include a video clip.In this example, a user can speak the commands “Turn on the TV” and“Play my favorite video clips.” Contextual intelligence system 1200 canidentify which TV the user is referring to (e.g., television 1208) basedon the audio propagation analysis. Further, contextual intelligencesystem 1200 can also instruct server 1202 to transmit the user'sfavorite video clips (e.g., video clips from a recent vacation) totelevision 1208 for display. The user's favorite video clips can bepreviously stored in server 1202.

Target devices 1208 through 1214 can be portable or non-portableelectronic devices capable of displaying video files, playing audiofiles, or performing other functions specific to each device. Forexample, the target devices can include television 1208, smartphone1210, power outlet 1212, and laptop 1214. Television 1208, smartphone1210, power outlet 1212, and laptop 1214 can receive the previouslystored audio or video files from server 1202 and play the audio or videofiles for the user.

FIGS. 13A-13B illustrate examples of identifying a master device andcontrolling a target device associated with the master device.Specifically, FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating intensity measurementsused for intelligently identifying a master networked device accordingto certain aspects of the present disclosure, and FIG. 13B is a diagramillustrating the intelligent controlling of a target device according tocertain aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13A illustrates an environment 1300. Environment 1300 can be anyspace, such as a house, a workplace, an outdoor venue with networkcapabilities, or other suitable space. For example, environment 1300 caninclude rooms 1302, 1304, and 1306. Rooms 1302 and 1304 can be separatedby wall 1318. Rooms 1304 and 1306 can be partially separated by wall1320. That is, wall 1320 may not entirely separate rooms 1304 from 1306.In addition, environment 1300 can include networked devices 1112, 1114,and 1116. Networked device 1112 can be located on wall 1318 facing room1304. Networked device 1114 can also be located on wall 1318 but facingroom 1302. Networked device 1116 can be located on wall 1306 facing room1306. Networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can communicate with eachother. For example, networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can eachbroadcast information so that the other networked devices receive thebroadcasted information.

In some cases, networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 can be lightswitches having networking capabilities and at least one of, forexample, a microphone, a video camera, a speaker, a motion sensor,and/or a capacitive touchscreen to serve as an interface panel. Forexample, the light switches may be located at an industry-specific levelon wall 1318 or wall 1320 (e.g., 48 inches, 36 inches, or any otherappropriate height from the floor). Other examples of networked devicescan include a power outlet, a smoke detector, a light fixture, or otherdevice located in the environment 1300.

Environment 1300 can also include user 1308. User 1308 can emit a sound1310. The sound 1310 includes audio signals representing the sound madeby the user 1308. For example, sound 1310 can be a voice command (e.g.,“Turn on the TV”, “Turn down the lights”, “Lower the temperature”, orother suitable voice command). As the user speaks or makes other sounds,the sound 1310 propagates through environment 1300. Sound 1310 reachesnetworked device 1112 and networked device 1116. Even though networkeddevice 1114 is located on the other side of wall 1318, networked devicemay receive an attenuated version of sound 1310. Environment 1300 mayinclude other networked devices (not shown) that may or may not receivesound 1310. Each networked device 1112, 1114, and 1116 includes amicrophone. When the networked devices receive sound 1310 (e.g., ananalog signal), each networked device generates an audio signal (e.g., adigital representation of the sound) corresponding to the received sound1310.

As illustrated in the example of FIG. 13A, each networked device 1112,1114, and 1116 receives sound 1310 and generates an audio signal. Insome cases, networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116 each analyzes thegenerated audio signal. In some examples, the audio signal generated ateach networked device may be different from the audio signal generatedat other networked devices. The difference in audio signals is due tothe audio propagation effects of sound 1310 as it travels throughenvironment 1300. For example, the audio signal generated at networkeddevice 1112 may have more intensity than the audio signal generated atnetworked device 1116 because networked device 1112 is located closer tothe source of sound 1310. As an example, networked device 1112 cangenerate an audio signal represented by graph 1314, networked device1114 can generate an audio signal represented by graph 1312, andnetworked device 1116 can generate an audio signal represented by graph1316.

In some cases, each networked device 1112, 1114, and 1116 can beconfigured to analyze the generated audio signal to calculate one ormore parameters of the audio signal. Networked devices 1112, 1114, and1116 may include one or more processing devices (e.g., a data processor)to perform the calculations. For example, networked devices 1112, 1114,and 1116 can calculate an average audio intensity over a period of time(e.g., 1 second, 2 seconds, a few seconds, 10 seconds, or any othersuitable amount of time). Using networked device 1112 as an example,networked device 1112 can calculate an average audio intensity bydividing the total audio intensity over a period of time by the periodof time. Networked device 1112 can also store the calculated averageaudio intensity.

Networked device 1112 can be configured to broadcast the calculatedaverage audio intensity and an identifier (e.g., an identifier code)that identifies networked device 1112 to networked devices 1114 and1116. Likewise, each of networked devices 1114 and 1116 can alsobroadcast calculated average audio intensity values together with anidentifier code unique to each networked device 1114 and 1116. After thebroadcasting, each networked device can store its own average audiointensity calculation and the received audio intensity calculations ofthe other networked devices. For example, networked device 1112 canstore the average audio intensity value calculated by the data processorat networked device 1112 and the average audio intensity values of eachof networked devices 1114 and 1116.

Each networked device can compare the stored average audio intensityvalues. For example, networked device 1112 can compare its own averageaudio intensity values with the average audio intensity values ofnetworked devices 1114 and 1116. In doing so, networked device 1112 candetermine that its average audio intensity value is the largest fromamong the three networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116. Likewise, eachof networked devices 1114 and 1116 may also compare the average audiointensity values and similarly conclude that networked device 1112 hasthe largest average audio intensity value. For example, each networkeddevice 1112, 1114, and 1116 can determine that networked device is toserve as the master device for that particular command represented bysound 1310.

In some cases, the master device can be dynamically identified based onthe comparison of calculated values at each networked device. Forexample, at one time user 1308 can emit a first sound at a positionnearest to networked device 1112. In this example, networked device 1112would be identified as the master device with respect to the first soundbecause it would receive and calculate the largest average audiointensity values. At another time, user 1308 can emit a second sound ata position nearest to networked device 1116. At this time, networkeddevice 1116 would dynamically be identified as the master device for thesecond sound because it would receive and calculate the largest averageaudio intensity values.

Once a master device is identified, the contextual intelligence systemcan determine a target location. In some cases, the target location cancorrespond to the location of user 1308. For example, the contextualintelligence system can determine a location of user 1308 contextuallyby analyzing audio signals generated at each networked device. Asanother example, the target location may be the location associated withthe master device. As illustrated in the example of FIG. 13A, networkeddevice 1112 is identified as the master device (as indicated by the boldsolid line around graph 1314). Accordingly, the contextual intelligencesystem may determine that user 1308 is located in room 1304 and thatroom 1304 is the target location.

When the master device is identified, each networked device canbroadcast an identifier code of the identified master device. In theexample of FIG. 13A, each networked device may determine that networkeddevice 1112 is the master device and then broadcast an identifier codeof networked device 1112. If the networked devices identify multiplemaster devices for a particular sound or command, the contextualintelligence system can solve the discrepancy. For example, thecontextual intelligence system can resolve the discrepancy by performinga resolution process. One example of the resolution process can includeselecting one of the multiple master devices as the master device.Another example can include re-performing the comparison of calculatedvalues to determine the master device. Yet another example can includeoutputting an audio signal to the speakers of the networked devicesinforming the user that an error occurred, and having the user selectthe master device or instructing the system to re-perform the comparisonto determine the master device. One of ordinary skill will appreciatethat other suitable resolution processes can be performed to resolve thediscrepancy in master device determinations. In other examples, thenetworked devices may not broadcast the identifier code of theidentified master device because each networked device has alreadyidentified the master device based on the comparison of calculations.

It will be appreciated that environment 1300 can include more or lessnetworked devices than shown in FIG. 13A. Further, it will also beappreciated that networked devices can include light switches, lightfixtures, smoke detectors, power outlets, or other suitable devices. Itwill also be appreciated that networked devices can calculate parametersother than the average audio intensity. For example, networked devicescan calculate other parameters, including, for example, an audiofrequency, a time difference between peaks in audio signals,signal-to-noise ratios, a particular type of sound (e.g., clapping,cheering, walking on the floor with shoes/heels), or any other parameterthat can be used to identify a master device from among networkeddevices.

FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating the intelligent controlling of atarget device using the target location according to certain aspects ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 13B is an extension of the exampleillustration of FIG. 13A where networked device 1112 was identified asthe master device and room 1304 was identified as the target location.

In some cases, each networked device can be associated with one or moredevices. In the example illustration of FIG. 13B, networked device 1112is associated with television 1322 located in room 1304 on table 1324,networked device 1114 is associated with television 1326 located in room1302 on table 1328, and networked device 1116 is associated with coffeemachine 1330 located in room 1306 on table 1332. For example, networkeddevice 1112 can be automatically associated with television 1322 bytransmitting a short-range signal (e.g., a Bluetooth signal) requestingto be paired with television 1322. Networked device 1114 can similarlybe associated with television 1326, and networked device 1116 cansimilarly be associated with coffee machine 1330. When a networkeddevice is identified as a master device, then the room in which thenetworked device is located can be identified as the target location,and any devices associated with the networked device can be identifiedas the target devices.

In the example of FIG. 13B, environment 1300 includes two televisions(e.g., television 1322 and 1326), which are located in different rooms.Networked device 1112 has been identified as the master device, and assuch, room 1304 can be identified as the target location and television1322 can be identified as a target device. When user 1308 speaks acommand (e.g., “Turn on the TV”), the contextual intelligence system canefficiently and accurately determine that user 1308 is referring totelevision 1322, instead of television 1326. User 1308 does not have tospecifically identify a name or identifier of television 1322 in thevoice command “Turn on the TV” because the contextual intelligencesystem can determine which television user 1308 is referring to usingthe identified location of user 1308.

In some cases, a device can be controlled even though it is notdesignated as a target device (e.g., a device associated with a masterdevice). For example, even if user 1308 is located in room 1304 andnetworked device 1112 is currently serving as the master device, user1308 can speak a command (e.g., “Start the coffee machine”) to controlcoffee machine 1330 in room 1306. In this example, if coffee machine1330 is the only coffee machine in environment 1300 (e.g., a house withmultiple rooms), the contextual intelligence system may ascertain thatuser 1308 is referring to coffee machine 1330 in the command. Further,networked device 1112 can forward the command to networked device 1114so that networked device 1114 can send the command to coffee machine1330. For example, forwarding the command can include relaying thecommand from one networked device to another until the command isreceived at networked device 1114.

It will also be appreciated that the master device can perform otherspecific functions. For example, the master device can serve as agateway to the Internet for the other networked devices. In thisexample, if a networked device has to query a server located in anetwork (e.g., network 1204), the query can be forwarded to the masterdevice, and the master device can access the requested information fromthe server.

FIG. 14 is a swim lane diagram illustrating a data flow of process 1400in a contextual intelligence system according to certain aspects of thepresent disclosure. A contextual intelligence system can includenetworked device #1 1402, networked device #2 1404, and networked device#3 1406. In some embodiments, the contextual intelligence system can behubless, in that a central hub is not needed for the system to operate.For example, each of networked device #1 1402, networked device #2 1404,and networked device #3 1406 can serve as a master device at any giventime. Further, networked device #1 1402, networked device #2 1404, andnetworked device #3 1406 can each independently communicate with eachother or with a wireless gateway (e.g., wireless gateway 1206) withouthaving to first access a base station or hub. In other embodiments, acentral hub may be included in the contextual intelligence system. Itwill be appreciated that process 1400 can include more or fewernetworked devices as shown in FIG. 14 .

At block 1408, networked device #1 1402 can capture audio data anddetermine a parameter of the audio data. In some cases, networkeddevices can include a microphone. When a sound reaches the microphone ofa networked device, an audio signal can be generated, stored, andanalyzed. For example, when a user speaks a sound (e.g., a voicecommand), each of networked device #1 1402, networked device #2 1404,and networked device #3 1406 can receive the sound and generate an audiosignal corresponding to the sound. At blocks 1410 and 1412, networkeddevice #2 1404 and networked device #3 1406 can respectively captureaudio data and determine a parameter of the audio data. For example, theparameter can be an average audio intensity. It will be appreciated thatother parameters of audio signals can be used, for example, a timing ofa peak in the audio signal, a signal-to-noise ratio, a frequencyanalysis, a noise analysis, or other suitable parameters.

At block 1416, each of networked device #1 1402, networked device #21404, and networked device #3 1406 can broadcast its calculatedparameter. In some cases, each networked device can broadcast theparameter it calculated to notify other networked devices of thecalculated parameter. In other cases, a networked device can transmit(over a wired or wireless connection) its calculated parameter to awireless gateway and the wireless gateway can broadcast the calculatedparameter to other networked devices. The broadcasting of the calculatedparameter by each networked device can facilitate communication betweenthe networked devices. For example, networked device #1 1402 cantransmit its calculated parameter to networked device #2 1404. Networkeddevice #1 1402 can also receive the parameter calculated at networkeddevice #2 1404. Networked devices can also communicate other informationto each other, for example and not limited to, identity information(e.g., an identifier code identifying the networked device), statusinformation (e.g., on, off, error code), power information (e.g.,current voltage/amperes or remaining battery power), or other suitableinformation.

At block 1418, networked device #1 1402 can compare the receivedparameters with the parameter calculated at networked device #1 1402. Inaddition, at block 1418, networked device #1 1402 can identify a masterdevice based on the comparison of the parameters. For example, networkeddevice #1 1402 can compare the parameter it calculated with each of theparameters received from networked device #2 1404 and networked device#3 1406. In some cases, networked device #1 1402 can identify thelargest parameter from the compared parameters. For example, networkeddevice #1 1402 can select the largest average audio intensity value todetermine which networked device is located closest to the user. Inother cases, networked device #1 1402 can select the smallest parameterfrom the compared parameters. For example, networked device #1 1402 canidentify the smallest noise levels to determine which rooms are empty ofusers (e.g., so that air conditioning or lights can be turned off tosave energy). In other cases, networked device #1 1402 can select aparameter, from amongst the compared parameters, that satisfies acondition. For example, networked device #1 1402 can identify aparameter that satisfies a threshold or specific range ofsignal-to-noise ratio. Networked device #1 1402 can identify a networkeddevice associated with the selected parameter, for example, using anidentifier code transmitted along with the parameter that identifies thenetworked device. Similarly, at blocks 1420 and 1422, networked devices#2 1404 and #3 1406 can also compare parameters and identify a masterdevice.

At block 1424, each networked device of networked device #1 1402,networked device #2 1404, and networked device #3 1406 can broadcast thedetermined identity (e.g., as an identifier code identifying a networkeddevice) of the master device. For example, each networked device maydetermine that networked device #1 1402 is to serve as the master devicebased on the comparison of parameters in blocks 1418, 1420, and 1422. Inthis example, each networked device would broadcast an identifier codeof networked device #1 1402 so as to notify all of the networked devicesthat networked device #1 1402 is currently the master device. In somecases, the networked devices 1402, 1404, and 1406 do not broadcast theidentifier code of the networked device serving as the master devicebecause each networked device has already determined the identity of themaster device based on the comparison of parameters. Broadcasting of theidentity of the master device can be performed, for example, as a checkthat all of the networked devices identified the same master device. Inaddition, when the identity of the master device is broadcasted, thebroadcast message can also include an instruction for networked devicesthat are not identified as the master device to operate in a suspendedstatus. For example, a networked device that is operating in a suspendedstatus can process global commands only (e.g., “Turn off all of thelights in the house”).

Any networked device may serve as a master device at any time based on agiven audio signal. For example, at a first time, a networked device mayserve as a master device, and at a later second time another networkeddevice may serve as the master device. For example, the master devicemay be determined periodically, randomly, or at a particular time (e.g.,every time a command is spoken by the user, every time a sound isrecognized as a command, or other signal that causes an action to takeplace by the contextual control system). It will be appreciated that themore than one master device may be identified in the contextualintelligence system at a given time. For example, if a first user islocated on a first floor of a house, and if a second user is located ona second floor of the house, the contextual intelligence system candetermine that at least two master devices should be identified; onenear the first user and another near the second user.

At block 1426, the contextual intelligence system determines thatnetworked device #1 1402 is to serve as the master device. It will beappreciated that any networked device can serve as the master device.When a networked device is determined to serve as the master device, thelocation associated with the master device (e.g., the room in which themaster device is located) is identified as the target location. In somecases, the target location identifies the location (e.g., room) in whichthe user is located.

At block 1428, the contextual intelligence system determines one or moretarget devices associated with the target location. In some cases, atarget location can be associated with one or more target devices. Insome cases, a networked device can also be associated with one or moretarget devices. For example, a room may include a networked lightswitch, a television, and a networked air condition controller. When thenetworked light switch (e.g., a networked device) is selected to serveas the master device, the television and the networked air conditioncontroller may be identified as the target devices (e.g., based on thetarget location and/or the networked device that is acting as the masterdevice). Further, when the user speaks a command, the contextualintelligence system can ascertain that the command corresponds to thetarget devices because the user is located in the target location ornearest to the networked light switch. For example, if the user's houseincludes a living room and a bedroom, and each of the living room andthe bedroom include a television, the contextual intelligence system maydetermine that the user is in the living room based on audio propagationanalysis, as described above. If the user speaks the command “Turn onthe TV,” the contextual intelligence system can turn on the televisionin the living room, and not the television in the bedroom. In thisexample, the user does not have to separately name or identify thetelevisions in the living room and bedroom because the contextualintelligence system can identify the location of the user, andtherefore, the specific devices of interest to the user.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a process 1500 for intelligentlyidentifying a master device according to certain aspects of the presentdisclosure. Process 1500 can be performed at least in part at one ormore networked devices (e.g., networked devices 1112, 1114, and 1116), aserver (e.g., server 1202), or a cloud network or server. For example,process 1500 is described herein as being performed at a plurality ofnetworked devices that are configured to communicate with each other.Networked devices may be located in an environment (e.g., a house havingrooms). For example, a networked device can be a light switch havingnetworking capabilities and at least one of a microphone, a videocamera, and a speaker.

At block 1505, each networked device can receive real-time audio data ata microphone (e.g., an audio capture device) included in the networkeddevice. For example, when a user emits a sound (e.g., a voice command),the sound travels through the environment and may be received at one ormore networked devices. The one or more networked devices that receivedthe sound can convert the received sound into an audio signal, and storethe audio signal as audio data.

At block 1510, a networked device identifies a parameter of thereal-time audio data. For example, a networked device can calculate anaverage audio intensity of the real-time audio data. The parameter maycorrespond to a characteristic of the audio data. As an example, if theparameter is an average audio intensity, the parameter may correspond tohow loud the sound (e.g., how strong the sound wave is) is when it isreceived at the networked device. It will be appreciated that parametersmay include other features of the real-time audio data, for example,signal-to-noise ratio, audio intensity peaks, a frequency, or othersuitable features.

At block 1515, a networked device can broadcast the calculated parameterto other networked devices. In some cases, the networked device maydirectly transmit the calculated parameter to other networked devicesusing communication links (e.g., a short-range communication link, suchas Bluetooth). In other cases, the networked device may wirelesslytransmit the calculated parameter to a wireless gateway, which can relaythe calculated parameter to other networked devices in the environment.Each network device may receive the calculated parameters of the othernetworked devices in block 1515. For example, a networked device canstore the calculated parameter calculated by its data processor, and canalso store the calculated parameters received from other networkeddevices.

At block 1520, a networked device can dynamically identify a masterdevice from amongst the networked devices in the environment. In somecases, one or more networked devices in the environment can comparecalculated parameters (e.g., broadcasted and received in block 1515) andselect a parameter that satisfies a condition. The networked deviceassociated with the calculated parameter that satisfies the conditioncan be identified as the master device.

At block 1525, a networked device can identify a target deviceassociated with the master device. In some cases, the networked devicecan control the target device (e.g., turn on/off the target device). Forexample, the networked device can use a command spoken by the user tocontrol the target device.

FIG. 16A is an illustration of an example of a front view of a networkeddevice (network device 1600), in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 16B is an illustration of an example of a side view of anetworked device (network device 1600), in accordance with an embodimentof the invention. Network device 1600 can have an in-wall lightswitch-style structure. The network device 1600 may include any of thenetwork devices 102, 104, or 106 described herein. In some examples, thenetwork device 1600 may be a home automation network device. Forexample, the network device 1600 may include a home automation switchthat may be coupled with a home appliance or target device. A user mayaccess the network device 1600 in order to control, and/or configurevarious target devices located within the user's home. The user mayaccess the network device 1600 remotely (e.g., wirelessly). Forinstance, the user may remotely control appliances such as a television,radio, light, microwave, iron, space heater, wall A/C unit, washer,dryer, fan, and/or the like.

In some embodiments, the network device 1600 may include a WiFi enabledswitch that connects target devices, home appliances, or otherelectronic devices to a compatible 802.11b/g/n/ac WiFi network. Thenetwork device 1600 may thus allow users to locally or remotely turndevices on or off from anywhere, program customized notifications,and/or change device status, position, speed or level, among other typesof control. The network device 1600 may further allow a user to createcustom schedules or have devices respond to sunrise or sunset, indoor oroutdoor temperature, audio level, light level, sensor conditions, orother suitable conditions.

In the example of FIGS. 16A-16B, network device 1600 can be configuredto include speaker 1648, video capture device 1640 (e.g., a camera), andaudio capture device 1654 (e.g., a microphone). Video capture device1640 can include lens 1644. Speaker 1648, video capture device 1640, andaudio capture device 1654 can each be connected to circuit board 1626,for example, using transmission line 1628. In other examples, networkdevice 1600 can also include additional sensors, such as motion sensors,pressures sensors, and other sensors. In some instances, the mainswitching panel 1602 and/or room-facing wall 1620 can include theseadditional sensors.

The network device 1600 can include a main switching panel 1602 (e.g., apower switch) that may be depressed in order to change a power state ofan electrical device drawing power through network device 1600. In somecases, main switching panel 1602 can be or include a capacitivetouchscreen. The capacitive touchscreen can serve as an interface panelwith which a user can interact. For example, in the cases where mainswitching element is or includes a capacitive touch screen, a user canperform a pinch-to-zoom motion (e.g., with a thumb and an index finger)on the capacitive touchscreen to control a state of a target device(e.g., to turn the target device on or off). As another example, a usercan perform the pinch-to-zoom motion on the capacitive touchscreen tocontrol a level of a target device (e.g., to dim or increase a lightlevel of one or more lights).

In some embodiments, main switching panel 1602 can be configured similarto a decorator style rocker switch, but with a push-button (e.g.,momentary) configuration instead of a two-state (i.e., on/off)configuration. Other configurations of a main switching panel 1602 canbe used. The room-facing wall 1620 (e.g., which can include a panel) caninclude one or more main switching panels 1602, some of which may beused to send a wireless signal and/or command from the network device1600 instead of used to change the power state of an electrical devicedrawing power through the network device 1600. In some embodiments, themain switching element can be a depressible flat surface that includesthe capacitive touchscreen.

In some embodiments, one or more light sources may be integrated with orlocated behind the room-facing wall 1620, such as behind a mainswitching panel 1602. For example, a light-emitting diode (LED) may belocated on a circuit board under the main switching panel 1602. Thelight source may be illuminated when the network device 1600 isproviding power to the electrical device, and may not be illuminatedwhen the network device 1600 is not providing power to the electricaldevice. Any display can be presented using a light source and optionallyone or more of a light pipe to direct the light source, a mask toprovide a user-recognizable pattern to the light source, and a lens. Insome examples, main switching panel 1602 can be a display panel. Thedisplay panel can display various information and can be illuminated bythe light source located under the main switching panel 1602.

In other embodiments, a variable level switch, such as a dimmer typeswitch, is provided on room-facing wall 1620 of network device 1600. Infurther embodiments, a touchscreen display is provided on room-facingwall 1620 of the network device 1600. The touchscreen display can allowa multitude of user inputs, such as to control and program networkdevice 1600 or target devices connected to the network device 1600.Including a touchscreen display on network device 1600, for example,optionally provides for the ability to use network device 1600 as both anetwork device (102, 104, 106) and an access device 108.

The network device 1600 further includes a communications signalindicator 1604. The signal indicator 1604 may indicate whether thenetwork device 1600 has access to a communications signal, such as aWiFi signal. For example, the signal indicator 1604 may include a lightsource (e.g., a LED) that illuminates when the network device 1600 isconnected to a communications signal. The light source may depictdifferent colors or other characteristics (e.g., flashing, dimming, orthe like) to indicate different levels of signal strength or mode ofoperation.

The network device 1600 includes a restore button 1610. The restorebutton 1610 may allow a user to reset the network device 1600 to factorydefault settings. For example, upon being depressed, the restore button1610 may cause all software on the device to be reset to the settingsthat the network device 1600 included when purchased from themanufacturer.

Resetting these settings to factory default can include removingwireless access settings (e.g., SSID, password, and others), networkIDs, security keys, saved rules, stored names and/or images, usersettings, and other information.

In some embodiments, the restore button 1610 can respond only to certainpredetermined patterns of being depressed, such as press-and-hold,multiple presses, or multiple presses and hold. In some embodiments, therestore button 1610 can respond to different patterns of being depressedwith different results, such as restoring the network device 1600 tofactory defaults when the button is pressed and held for a certainlength of time (e.g., five seconds), but only removing the wirelessaccess settings (e.g., not removing saved rules, stored names, and/orstored images) when the button is pressed five times in quick successionand then held for ten seconds. In some embodiments, the restore button1610 can be used to only reset the user-defined rules and/or otheruser-defined settings of the network device 1600, without removing anywireless access settings, for example if a user desired to use thenetwork device 1600 within the same network, but for a different purpose(e.g., moving the network device 1600 to a different room).

The restore button 1610 can be located on the room-facing wall 1620 suchthat the button is readily accessible by a user while the network device1600 is installed in a wall. In one embodiment, the restore button 1610is located inline with a bezel 1658. The restore button 1610 can beshaped to follow the contour and shape of the bezel 1658 so as to remainunobtrusive. The main switching panel 1602 can extend past the bezel1658 so that the restore button 1610 is not inadvertently pressed.

The network device 1600 also includes a restart button 1612. The restartbutton 1612 may allow a user to cycle the power of network device 1600.For example, upon being depressed, the restart button 1612 may cause thenetwork device to reboot, simulating disconnection from and reconnectionto line power (e.g., an electrical supply). In some cases, the restartbutton 1612 can physically disconnect power to one or more elements(e.g., processors) of the network device 1600. In other cases, therestart button 1612 can simply provide a reset signal to one or moreelements (e.g., processors) of the network device 1600 to cause suchelements to restart.

The restart button 1612 can be located on the room-facing wall 1620 suchthat the button is readily accessible by a user while the network device1600 is installed in a wall. In one embodiment, the restart button 1612is located inline with the bezel 1658. The restart button 1612 can beshaped to follow the contour and shape of the bezel 1658 so as to remainunobtrusive. The main switching panel 1602 can extend past the bezel1658 so that the restart button 1612 is not inadvertently tapped orpressed.

The restore button 1610 and restart button 1612 can each be located on auser-facing surface (e.g., the room-facing wall 1620) of the networkdevice when the network device is recessed in a structure (e.g., mountedin a wall or in an electrical box).

The network device 1600 further includes electrical terminals 1608, heredepicted as wires extending from the back of network device 1600 andcoupled to electrical box-facing wall 1622 (as shown in FIG. 16B), forconnection to line power, for providing electrical power to networkdevice 1600, and for providing switchable electrical power to anelectrical device. In some embodiments, a variety of electricalterminals are useful, including electrical wires, screw terminals,barrier terminals, push-in terminals and the like. Various electricalcodes may dictate which electrical terminal types are required orpermitted for network device 1600. Electrical terminals 1608 allow thenetwork device 1600 to be connected to line power providing 200V, 120V,or other power source. In turn, an electrical device, such as an outlet,socket, light fixture or appliance, may be connected to network device1600. Once the network device 1600 is registered according to thetechniques described above, a power state or other controllable aspectsof the electrical device connected to the network device 1600 may becontrolled by a user using an access device (e.g., access device 108).

The network device 1600 includes a housing configured to be installed inan electrical box, similar to the placement of conventional lightswitches and electrical outlets. Mounting apertures 1614 are includedfor attaching the network device 1600 to an electrical box, such as anelectrical box located inside a wall. Cover plate holes 1616 areincluded for attaching a wall plate over network device 1600, similar tothe attachment of a switch/wall plate over a conventional light switchor electrical outlet. FIG. 16A shows room-facing wall 1620 of networkdevice 1600. Room-facing wall 1620 of the network device 1600 andelectrical box-facing wall 1622 of the network device 1600 are bothshown in FIG. 16B.

The network device 1600 includes a wireless antenna 1624 mounted onroom-facing wall 1620. In the embodiment shown, the wireless antenna1624 is positioned below a room-facing surface 1621 of main switchingpanel 1602, so the wireless antenna 1624 is not visible to a user whenlooking at the room-facing wall 1620 of network device 1600. Room-facingsurface 1621 is opposite wall-facing surface 1623 of main switchingpanel 1602 (i.e., wall-facing surface 1623 faces towards the inside ofnetwork device 1600). A circuit board 1626 is positioned within networkdevice 1600 to include various components, such as a data processor andwireless transceiver. A transmission line 1628 connects the wirelessantenna 1624 to the wireless transceiver on the circuit board 1626. Insome embodiments, the transmission line 1628 is a coaxial cable,providing an electrically shielded radio frequency transmission linebetween the wireless antenna 1624 and the wireless transceiver. Whennetwork device 1600 is mounted in an electrical box placed in a wall,the wireless antenna 1624 will be positioned at least partially in frontof a plane defined by the room-facing surface of the wall. Thisconfiguration provides the network device 1600 with the capability ofreducing or minimizing interference for wireless transmissions betweenthe wireless antenna 1624 to a wireless access point, gateway or otherwireless device due to the wall, electrical box or associated buildingmaterials. In some cases, transmission line 1628 can also be configuredto additionally include a transmission line for the capacitivetouchscreen of main switching panel 1602. In other cases, transmissionline 1628 can also be configured to additionally include a transmissionline for the display of main switching panel 1602.

In some embodiments, the wireless antenna 1624 can be athree-dimensional wireless antenna. The three-dimensional wirelessantenna can provide superior reception of polarized radio signals. Insome embodiments, multiple wireless antennas, that are positioned adistance apart, can be used to improve upon reception when one of theantennas is located in a null path.

Because the various sensors, speakers, and displays (e.g., speakers1648, video capture device 1640, audio capture device 1654, signalindicator 1604, and others) can be located anywhere on the room-facingwall 1620, the displays can be located on the main switching panel 1602(e.g., as shown in FIG. 16 ), inline with a bezel 1658, through a cover,or elsewhere visible to a user when the network device 1600 installed.

In some embodiments, each display can include one or more light sourcescapable of providing one or more colors of light (e.g., a bicolor LED).

FIG. 17A is an illustration of an example of a front view of a networkeddevice, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 17B isan illustration of an example of a side view of a networked device, inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. The network device 1700may include any of the network devices 102, 104, or 106 describedherein. Network device 1700 includes a main switching panel 1702,room-facing wall 1720, electrical box-facing wall 1722 and circuit board1726. The network device 1700 may be similar or identical to networkdevice 1600, but the network device 1700 includes a cover plate 1730 andtwo mounting apertures 1714 for mounting network device 1700 in anelectrical box. The cover plate 1730 includes clips 1704 to secure thecover plate 1730 to a support plate 1706 of the network device 1700.Clips 1704 allow the cover plate 1730 to be secured to the support plate1706 without the need to use a screw or other fastener through coverplate apertures, thus creating a clean front. Flexure of the cover plate1730 allows clips 1704 to bend far enough to pass over the bottom and/ortop of the support plate 1706 to remove and attach the cover plate 1730to the support plate 1706.

Inclusion of the cover plate 1730 provides for the ability to mount awireless antenna 1724 at a location that is more forward facing orproud, such that when network device 1700 is mounted in an electricalbox in a wall, the wireless antenna 1724 is not placed within the wallor within the electrical box, but is located outside the wall orelectrical box, minimizing or reducing wireless signal interferenceand/or signal degradation due to the electrical box, the wall andassociated building materials. In addition, placing the wireless antenna1724 at an external location eliminates the requirement to include awireless antenna directly on the circuit board 1726, providingadditional space on circuit board 1726 for inclusion of othercomponents, such as sensors, power switching. For example, a large areaof circuit board 1726 could be occupied by the required antennas fortransmitting with sufficient gain in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency, asabout 3-6 cm in length are required for half-wavelength dipole antennasat these frequencies.

In addition, cover plate 1730 provides additional spatial area forincluding additional components, such as wireless antennas, switches,touchscreen interfaces, displays, and the like. As shown in FIG. 17 ,cover plate 1730 includes two wireless antennas 1724 mounted onroom-facing wall 1720 below a surface of cover plate 1730, so thewireless antennas 1724 are not visible to a user when looking at thenetwork device 1700 when installed into an electrical box. Wirelessantennas 1724, however, may be visible from a back view of the networkdevice 1700. Transmission lines 1728 connect the wireless antennas 1724to wireless transceiver(s) on the circuit board 1726. Transmission lines1728 can also connect speaker 1648, video capture device 1640, and audiocapture device 1654 to circuit board 1726. When network device 1700 ismounted in an electrical box placed in a wall, the wireless antennas1724 will be positioned at least partially in front of a plane definedby the room-facing surface of the wall. This configuration provides thenetwork device 1700 with the capability of reducing or minimizinginterference for wireless transmissions between the wireless antenna1724 to a wireless access point, gateway or other wireless device due tothe wall, electrical box or associated building materials. Additionally,the use of multiple wireless antennas 1724 optionally allows the networkdevice 1700 to transmit at multiple frequencies (e.g., 2.4 GHz and 5GHz), to transmit simultaneously with vertical and horizontal polarityand/or to include improved reception and transmission characteristics.

FIG. 18A is an illustration of another example of a front view of anetworked device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.FIG. 18B is an illustration of another example of a side view of anetworked device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.FIGS. 18A-18B illustrate example views of network device 1800 mounted inan electrical box 1832. Network device 1800 is stylized as an in-walloutlet fixture, such as could be covered by a typical outlet coverplate. The network device 1800 may include any of the network devices102, 104, or 106 described herein. In some embodiments, the networkdevice 1800 may be a home automation network device. For example, thenetwork device 1800 may include a home automation switch that may becoupled with a home appliance. A user may wirelessly access the networkdevice 1800 in order to access, control, and/or configure various homeappliances located within the user's home. For instance, the user mayremotely control appliances such as a television, radio, light,microwave, iron, space heater, wall A/C unit, washer, dryer, fan, and/orthe like.

In the example shown in FIGS. 18A-18B, network device 1800 can includespeaker 1848, video capture device 1840 (e.g., a camera), and audiocapture device 1854 (e.g., a microphone). In some cases, video capturedevice 1840 can include, or can optionally be, a motion sensor. In somecases, network device 1800 can include additional sensors, includingoptical sensors, pressure sensors, proximity or presence sensors, orother suitable sensors. Further, speaker 1848, video capture device1840, and audio capture device 1854 can be connected to a circuit boardusing transmission lines, similar to network devices 1600 and 1700.

In some embodiments, the network device 1800 may include a WiFi enabledswitch that connects home appliances and other electronic devices to acompatible 802.11b/g/n/ac WiFi network. The network device 1800 may thusallow users to locally or remotely turn devices on or off from anywhere,program customized notifications, and/or change device status. Thenetwork device 1800 may further allow a user to create custom schedulesor have devices respond to sunrise or sunset.

In some embodiments, a light source may be integrated with or locatedbehind the power switch. For example, a light-emitting diode (LED) maybe located on a circuit board under the signal indicator 1804. The lightsource may be illuminated when the network device 1800 is providingpower to the electrical device, and may not be illuminated when thenetwork device 1800 is not providing power to the electrical device. Insome cases, the signal indicator 1804 may indicate whether the networkdevice 1800 has access to a communications signal, such as a WiFisignal. For example, the signal indicator 1804 may include a lightsource (e.g., a LED) that illuminates when the network device 1800 isconnected to a communications signal. The light source may depictdifferent colors or other characteristics (e.g., flashing, dimming, orthe like) to indicate different levels of signal strength or mode ofoperation.

The network device 1800 includes a restore/power button 1810. Therestore/power button 1810 may allow a user to reset the network device1800 to factory default settings. For example, upon being depressed, therestore/power button 1810 may cause all software on the device to bereset to the settings that the network device 1800 included whenpurchased from the manufacturer. Restore/power button 1810 can also bedepressed in order to change a power state of an electrical devicedrawing power through network device 1800. For example, if restore/powerbutton 1810 is depressed for a short period (e.g., 1 second), thennetwork device 1800 may be restored. However, if restore/power button1810 is held down for a longer period (e.g., 5-10 seconds), then networkdevice 1800 can change the power state of the electrical device drawingpower through network device 1800. In some cases, network device 1800can include a restart button 1812. The restart button 1812 may allow auser to cycle the power of network device 1800. For example, upon beingdepressed, the restart button 1812 may cause the network device toreboot, simulating disconnection from and reconnection to line power.

The network device 1800 further includes electrical terminals 1808, heredepicted as screw terminals coupled to electrical box-facing wall 1822,for connection to line power for providing electrical power to networkdevice 1800 and switchable electrical power to an outlet 1806.Electrical terminals 1808 allows the network device 1800 to be connectedto line power providing 200V, 120V, or the like. In turn, an appliancemay be connected to network device 1800 by plugging in the appliance tooutlet 1806. Once the network device 1800 is registered according to thetechniques described above, a power state of outlet 1806 may becontrolled by a user using an access device (e.g., access device 108).

The network device 1800 includes a housing configured to be installed inan electrical box 1832, similar to the placement of light switches andelectrical outlets. Mounting apertures 1814 are included for attachingthe network device 1800 to electrical box 1832, such as where electricalbox 1832 is mounted inside a wall. Cover plate aperture 1816 is includedfor attaching a wall plate over network device 1800, similar to theattachment of a switch/wall plate over a light switch or electricaloutlet. FIG. 18A shows room-facing wall 1820 of network device 1800.Room-facing wall 1820 of the network device 1800 and electricalbox-facing wall 1822 of the network device 1800 are both shown in FIG.18B.

The network device 1800 includes a wireless antenna 1824 mounted on amost forward facing or proud location of room-facing wall 1820. In theembodiment shown, the wireless antenna 1824 is positioned beneath asurface of room-facing wall 1820, so the wireless antenna 1824 is notvisible to a user when looking at the network device 1800. When networkdevice 1800 is mounted in electrical box 1832 placed in a wall, thewireless antenna 1824 will be positioned at least partially in front of,and optionally fully in front of, a plane defined by the room-facingsurface of the wall. This configuration provides the network device 1800with minimized or reduced interference for wireless transmissionsbetween the wireless antenna 1824 to a wireless access point, gateway orother wireless device due to the wall, electrical box or associatedbuilding materials as compared to a configuration where the antenna islocated within the wall and/or within electrical box 1832.

It will be appreciated that the structure and components of networkdevices 1600, 1700, and 1800 are examples, and should not be taken aslimiting. It will also be appreciated that network devices 1600, 1700,and 1800 can include additional sensors. Further, wireless antennae1624, 1724, and 1824 can facilitate communication with other networkdevices and other target devices.

It will also be appreciated that network devices 1600, 1700, and 1800can be part of the contextual intelligence system. For example, networkdevices 1600, 1700, and 1800 can communicate with each other. Thewireless transceiver of network device 1600 can cause wireless antenna1624 to transmit a signal that can be detected by wireless antenna 1724of network device 1700. Further, the wireless transceiver and the dataprocessor of circuit board 1726 can process the received signal atnetwork device 1700. In a further example, network device 1700 canforward the received signal by causing the wireless transceiver totransmit the signal using wireless antenna 1726. The signal can bedetected at wireless antenna 1824 and processed by the data processor ofnetwork device 1800.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an example of a networked deviceaccording to certain aspects of the present disclosure. As an example, anetworked device may be a networked light switch 1900. Networked lightswitch 1900 can include processor 1902, image sensor 1904, additionalsensors 1906, wireless connection circuitry 1908, storage 1912, pressuresensor 1920, light switch block 1922, speaker 1928, and microphone 1926.Components of networked light switch 1900 illustrated in FIG. 19 areexemplary, and more of fewer components can be included in a networkedlight switch device.

Processor 1902 can be one or more processors that include logicalcircuitry for processing instructions to drive one or more components ofnetworked light switch 1900. Processor 1902 can also managecommunications between the components of networked light switch 1900. Insome cases, processor 1902 can be a microprocessor sized to fit insidenetworked light switch 1900. Further, processor 1902 can be coupled toany combination of one or more of image sensor 1904, additional sensors1906, pressure sensor 1920, wireless connection circuitry 1908, storage112, and light switch block 1922.

Image sensor 1904 can be a sensor that detects light and converts thedetected light into an image signal. Image sensor 1904 can be a CCDsensor, a CMOS sensor, a hybrid CCD/CMOS sensor, any image sensor basedon CCD or CMOS technology, a special-purpose sensor (e.g., x-ray sensor,or other sensors), or any other type of image sensor. An image sensorcan be selected for detecting images in color or in black and white.

Additional sensors 1906 can include any combination of one or more of anadditional image sensor, an accelerometer, an ambient light sensor, anorientation sensor (e.g., an accelerometer, a tilt switch, or othersensor for determining orientation), a gyroscope, a remote controlsensor (e.g., a sensor to sense signals from a remote control used withnetworked light switch 1900), a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiverto detect a position of the networked light switch 1900, anenvironmental sensor (e.g., a sensor to detect ambient humidity,pressure, temperature, illuminance), or other sensors.

Wireless connection circuitry 1908 can be circuitry that can facilitatewireless communication between other networked devices or an accesspoint of a network (e.g., a private Wi-Fi network). Wireless connectioncircuitry 1908 can include one or more of any combination of types ofwireless radios (e.g., Zigbee, Wi-Fi, multiband communication, WiMax,ANT, Near Field Communication (NFC)). Further, wireless connectioncircuitry 1908 can be coupled to wireless antenna 1910. Wireless antenna1910 can include one or more antennae for facilitating transmission orreception of data (e.g., in the form of data packets). In some cases,the wireless connection circuitry 1908 can be incorporated into theprocessor 1902, such as examples of a CPU/Radio described herein. Insome cases, wireless connection circuitry 1908 can facilitate locationtracking of networked light switch 1900. For example, a location ofnetworked light switch 1900 can be determined using Wi-Fi locationtracking, which can populate the metadata of a video clip with anindication of location based on the access point connected to thenetworked light switch. A location of a networked light switch can alsobe determined using IP location tracking.

In some cases, processor 1902 can be coupled to image sensor 1904,additional sensors 1906, pressure sensor 1920, wireless connectioncircuitry 1908, and microphone 1926. Processor 1902 can analyze datareceived from image sensor 1904, additional sensors 1906, wirelessconnection circuitry 1908, and microphone 1926 to detect a sound (e.g.,a voice command, a successful face detection, a sensed tap motionapplied to the networked light switch 1900 by a user). For example,processor 1902 can compare sound data received from microphone 1926 toone or more predetermined patterns (e.g., preset or learned) to detect avoice command (e.g., “Turn on the TV.”). As another example, processor1902 can perform face detection on the video data received from imagesensor 1904. Face detection can include analyzing one or more frames todetermine if facial features are present, such as eyes, ears, a nose,and a mouth. Other facial features can be detected. Facial features canbe detected in combination and compared with one or more patterns todetermine the presence of and orientation of a face. Detection of facialfeatures can be done through edge detection or other techniques. If theface detection is successful, processor 1902 can determine that a useris located at a particular location associated with the networked lightswitch 1900. As another example, processor 1902 can compare sensor datareceived from additional sensors 1906 to one or more patterns todetermine if the sensor data corresponds to a command (e.g., a usertapping on the housing of networked light switch 1900). As anotherexample, processor 1902 can receive an instruction from wirelessconnection circuitry 1908 when a user has pressed a button in anapplication executed by a smartphone. In some cases, a dedicatedprocessor or component can perform live video or audio analysis.

Storage 1912 can include a buffer 1914, short-term storage 1916, andlong term storage 1918. Storage 1912 can be a single memory device ormultiple memory devices. Storage 1912 can include non-volatile memory,such as Random Access Memory (ROM), flash memory, or other types ofmemory.

Buffer 1914 can be a portion of storage 1912 (e.g., one of multiplememory devices of storage 1912 or a portion of a single memory device ofstorage 1912) that continuously stores real-time audio data or videodata (or a portion thereof) captured by microphone 1926 or image sensor1904, respectively. Buffer 1914 may have a preset capacity of datastorage (e.g., 250 Megabytes, 500 Megabytes, 1 Gigabyte, or othersizes). In some cases, the processor 1902 can continuously store thereal-time audio data into the buffer 1914. The buffer 1914 may alsostore parameters calculated by processor 1902. When the capacity ofbuffer 1914 has been reached, the processor 1902 can overwrite thestored data in the buffer 1914. For example, buffer 1914 can have acapacity for storing one minute of audio data. Other durations of buffertime can be used, such as more or less than one minute. In some cases,the duration of buffer time can be set by a user, such as by an accessdevice.

Short-term storage 1916 can be a portion of the storage 1912 fortemporarily storing real-time audio data received at the networked lightswitch 1900. In some cases, real-time audio data stored in theshort-term storage 1916 can be deleted at any time. In some cases, theshort-term storage 1916 can be removable storage (e.g., a flash card,such as an Secure Digital card).

In some cases, buffer 1914 can be coupled to short-term storage 1916,such as by processor 1902. Buffer 1914 can transfer stored audio data toshort-term storage 1916. For example, a user can perform an action(e.g., speak a voice command, press a button displayed in an applicationon a smartphone, tap the networked light switch 1900) that isinterpretable by the networked light switch 1900.

Long-term storage 1918 can be a portion of storage that can storeadditional information (e.g., Wi-Fi passwords, user preferences,learned-behavior, or other information). For example, a user can setnetworked light switch 1900 to continuously record real-time audio datafor a duration of several minutes by inputting settings informationrelating to a several-minute time period. The settings information canbe stored in long-term storage 1918.

Networked light switches can operate in one of many operating modes. Insome cases, the operating mode of a networked light switch is determinedusing sensor data. The sensor data can be collected by sensors (e.g.,additional sensors 1906) and/or pressure sensor 1920. For example, thenetworked light switch can analyze the sensor data collected by acapacitive touch screen to interpret an action of the networked lightswitch. A processor of the networked light switch (e.g., processor 1902)can reconfigure, select, set, or convert an operating mode of thenetworked light switch based on the input received at the capacitivetouch screen.

In some cases, a processor (e.g., processor 1902) can analyze the sensordata collected by the camera or sensors (e.g., additional sensors 1906)to determine a type of motion applied to the networked light switch. Theprocessor can reconfigure, select, set or convert an operating mode ofthe networked light switch based on the type of motion applied detected.Examples of types of motions detected can include a tap motion, a swipemotion, a double tapping motion, a circle motion, a pinch motion, or anun-pinch motion. Each type of motion can correspond to a uniqueoperating mode of the networked light switch.

It will be appreciated that networked light switch 1900 can be part ofthe contextual intelligence system. Networked light switch 1900 cancommunicate with other networked devices, including, for example,network devices 1600, 1700, and 1800. For example, wireless connectioncircuitry 1908 can facilitate communication with wireless antennae 1624,1724, and 1824. Further, storage 1912 can store data received from othernetworked devices and processor 1902 can process the received data.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a network 2000 that includes a networkvideo camera 2004, according to embodiments of the present invention.Similar to the local area network 100 described above, the network 2000also includes a network device 2006, an access device 2008, a gateway2002, and an external network 2014. The gateway 2002, the network device2006, the access device 2008, and the external network 2014 may besimilar and have the same functionalities and capabilities as thegateway 110 or 112, the network devices 102, 104, or 106, the accessdevice 108, and the external network 114 described above with respect toFIG. 1 . The network video camera 2004 may be an IoT (network) device onan IoT network (such as, for example, network 2000 which may be an IoTnetwork). Other network video cameras described herein withinembodiments of the present invention may also be IoT (network) deviceson one or more IoT networks. It should also be appreciated that thenetwork 2000 may have other components than those depicted. Further, theembodiment shown in the figure is only one example of a network that mayincorporate an embodiment of the invention. In some other embodiments,network 2000 may have more or fewer components than shown in the figure,may combine two or more components, or may have a differentconfiguration or arrangement of components. For example, while a certainnumber of network video cameras, network devices, access devices, andgateways are shown in FIG. 20 , one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate that any number of network devices, access devices, andgateways may be included in the network 2000. Furthermore, other devicesthat are a part of or connected to network video camera 1204 may also beblocked or covered by blocking mechanism 1220. For example, amicrophone, light, or other device may be blocked by blocking mechanism1220 such that the microphone, light, etc. are deactivated or lessfunctional because of the blocking mechanism. The microphones may beused to capture real-time audio data, such as similar to the networkedlight switch from other figures. In other words, the embodiments andcharacteristics of the described networked light switch may beincorporated into the video camera.

The foregoing description of the embodiments, including illustratedembodiments, has been presented only for the purpose of illustration anddescription and is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to theprecise forms disclosed. Numerous modifications and adaptations thereofwill be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined in thefollowing claims.

1. (canceled)
 2. An electronic device comprising: one or more processingdevices; and one or more non-transitory, processor-readable storagemedia comprising instructions which, when executed by the one or moreprocessing devices, cause the one or more processing devices to performoperations comprising: receiving audio data corresponding to a voicecommand from a user, wherein the audio data indicates a first targetdevice; identifying a calculated parameter of the audio data, whereinthe calculated parameter identifies a characteristic of the audio data;and communicating with one or more additional devices in a networkcomprising the one or more additional devices and the electronic device,wherein: the communicating comprises transmitting the calculatedparameter to the one or more additional devices; one device from theelectronic device and the one or more additional devices is identifiedas a master device based at least in part on the calculated parameter; asecond target device associated with the master device is identified,wherein the second target device corresponds to the first target deviceindicated by the audio data; and the second target device is caused tooperate in accordance with the voice command.
 3. The electronic deviceas recited in claim 2, wherein the communicating further comprisesreceiving one or more additional calculated parameters from the one ormore additional devices.
 4. The electronic device as recited in claim 3,the operations further comprising comparing the calculated parameter tothe one or more additional calculated parameters, wherein theidentifying the master device is based at least in part on thecomparing.
 5. The electronic device as recited in claim 2, wherein theelectronic device directly transmits the calculated parameter to the oneor more additional devices.
 6. The electronic device as recited in claim2, wherein the communicating is according to a wireless protocol for amesh network.
 7. The electronic device as recited in claim 6, whereineach of the electronic device and the one or more additional devicescorresponds to a node.
 8. The electronic device as recited in claim 2,the operations further comprising: receiving second audio datacorresponding to a second voice command; identifying a second calculatedparameter of the second audio data; and communicating with the one ormore additional devices that are local to the electronic device,wherein: the communicating comprises transmitting the second calculatedparameter to the one or more additional devices, and a different devicefrom the electronic device and the one or more additional devices isidentified as a master device based at least in part on the secondcalculated parameter.
 9. The electronic device as recited in claim 2,wherein the electronic device is the one device identified as a masterdevice based at least in part on the calculated parameter, and theelectronic device: identifies the second target device associated withthe master device, and causes the second target device to operate inaccordance with the voice command.
 10. One or more non-transitory,machine-readable media storing executable instructions that, whenexecuted by one or more processing devices, cause the one or moreprocessing devices to perform operations comprising: receiving audiodata corresponding to a voice command from a user, wherein the audiodata indicates a first target device; identifying a calculated parameterof the audio data, wherein the calculated parameter identifies acharacteristic of the audio data; and communicating with one or moreadditional devices in a network comprising the one or more additionaldevices and an electronic device, wherein: the communicating comprisestransmitting the calculated parameter to the one or more additionaldevices; one device from the electronic device and the one or moreadditional devices is identified as a master device based at least inpart on the calculated parameter; a second target device associated withthe master device is identified, wherein the second target devicecorresponds to the first target device indicated by the audio data; andthe second target device is caused to operate in accordance with thevoice command.
 11. The one or more non-transitory, machine-readablemedia as recited in claim 10, wherein the communicating furthercomprises receiving one or more additional calculated parameters fromthe one or more additional devices.
 12. The one or more non-transitory,machine-readable media as recited in claim 11, the operations furthercomprising comparing the calculated parameter to the one or moreadditional calculated parameters, wherein the identifying the masterdevice is based at least in part on the comparing.
 13. The one or morenon-transitory, machine-readable media as recited in claim 10, whereinthe electronic device directly transmits the calculated parameter to theone or more additional devices.
 14. The one or more non-transitory,machine-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the communicatingis according to a wireless protocol for a mesh network.
 15. The one ormore non-transitory, machine-readable media as recited in claim 14,wherein each of the electronic device and the one or more additionaldevices corresponds to a node.
 16. The one or more non-transitory,machine-readable media as recited in claim 10, the operations furthercomprising: receiving second audio data corresponding to a second voicecommand; identifying a second calculated parameter of the second audiodata; and communicating with the one or more additional devices that arelocal to the electronic device, wherein: the communicating comprisestransmitting the second calculated parameter to the one or moreadditional devices, and a different device from the electronic deviceand the one or more additional devices is identified as a master devicebased at least in part on the second calculated parameter.
 17. The oneor more non-transitory, machine-readable media as recited in claim 10,wherein the electronic device is the one device identified as a masterdevice based at least in part on the calculated parameter, and theelectronic device: identifies the second target device associated withthe master device, and causes the second target device to operate inaccordance with the voice command.
 18. A method comprising: receivingaudio data corresponding to a voice command from a user, wherein theaudio data indicates a first target device; identifying a calculatedparameter of the audio data, wherein the calculated parameter identifiesa characteristic of the audio data; and communicating with one or moreadditional devices in a network comprising the one or more additionaldevices and an electronic device, wherein: the communicating comprisestransmitting the calculated parameter to the one or more additionaldevices; one device from the electronic device and the one or moreadditional devices is identified as a master device based at least inpart on the calculated parameter; a second target device associated withthe master device is identified, wherein the second target devicecorresponds to the first target device indicated by the audio data; andthe second target device is caused to operate in accordance with thevoice command.
 19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein thecommunicating further comprises receiving one or more additionalcalculated parameters from the one or more additional devices.
 20. Themethod as recited in claim 19, further comprising comparing thecalculated parameter to the one or more additional calculatedparameters, wherein the identifying the master device is based at leastin part on the comparing.
 21. The method as recited in claim 18, whereinthe electronic device directly transmits the calculated parameter to theone or more additional devices.